November 2nd, 2018

1. November 2nd, 2018 • Aim: How are we going to advance our SAT vocabulary skills? • Do Now: Copy three of the words that are not familiar to you and use your phone/dictionary for the definition. Write a sentence that makes sense for each word.

2. SAT VOCABULARY: Chapter 4 31. appall 36. kindle 32. cognizant 37. lavish 33. commiserate 38. ludicrous 34. expedient 39. negligent 35. hindrance 40. scrutinize

3. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 31appall – verb •At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the entire world. •“When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the prosecutor, “they will appall you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster.” Appall means A. to appeal to. B. to shock or horrify. C.to bore. Appalling damage caused by a forest fire FEMA news photo

4. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 31appall – verb •At the end of World War II, the facts that emerged about the Nazi concentration camps and death camps appalled the entire world. •“When the facts about this awful crime are disclosed,” said the prosecutor, “they will appall you and show clearly that the defendant is a monster.” Appall means A. to appeal to. B. to shock. C.to bore. Hearing for the first time about horrors of the concentration and death camps would shock anyone. Hearing about an awful crime committed by a “monster” would shock a jury. Appalling damage caused by a forest fire FEMA news photo

5. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 32cognizant – adjective •After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash. Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. •Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. Cognizant means A. confused by. B.conscious of or aware. C.careless about.

6. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 32cognizant – adjective •After a picnic in the woods, Shawn found a tick on his ankle and then developed a rash. Cognizant of the risk of Lyme disease, he saw his doctor right away. •Many Americans have diabetes without being cognizant of their condition. Cognizant means A. confused by. B. conscious of. C.careless about. Shawn must have been conscious of the possibility that he had Lyme disease since he sought medical care right away. Many Americans may not realize they have diabetes if they aren’t conscious of the symptoms and risk factors associated with the disease.

7. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 33 commiserate – verb •Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. •When my dog died, my friends tried to commiserate with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling. Commiserate means A. to express sorrow. B. to draw a comparison. C.to complain. Photo: Matt Glaman A sculpture of friends commiserating

8. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 33 commiserate – verb •Mom was disappointed with the widows’ support group. The members just wanted to commiserate with each other, but she wanted to learn about positive steps to take, not just get sympathy. •When my dog died, my friends tried to commiserate with me, but they didn’t really understand how I was feeling. Commiserate means A. to express sorrow. B. to draw a comparison. C.to complain. If she got sympathy from the other widows, then they must have expressed sorrow for her loss. People would be likely to express sorrow for their friend’s loss. Photo: Matt Glaman A sculpture of friends commiserating

9. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 34expedient – adjective •Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. •In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system. Expedient means A. unbelievable. B. admirable. C.self-interested or convenient.

10. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 34expedient – adjective •Marty’s interest in Elaine seems entirely expedient; he knows she has money, and he wants to marry someone wealthy who will support him. •In order to sell his old car for the highest possible price, Jim did the expedient thing: he slapped a new coat of paint on it and didn’t mention that it needed new brakes and a new exhaust system. Expedient means A. unbelievable. B. admirable. C. self-interested. Marty is acting out of pure self-interest: his only reason for marrying Elaine is her money. Jim was so self-interested that he used deception to sell his car, rather than mention its defective brakes and exhaust system.

11. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 35hindrance – noun •Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want. •Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a hindrance to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. Hindrance means A. a cause. B. an effect. C.a barrier or obstacle. An athlete who’s overcome a hindrance Photo: Dept. of Veterans Affairs

12. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 35hindrance – noun •Some people seem perfectly willing to lie if the truth would be a hindrance to getting what they want. •Her tendency to faint at the sight of blood will be a hindrance to Tonya’s plan to become a nurse. Hindrance means A. a cause. B. an effect. C. a barrier. An athlete who’s overcome a hindrance When truth is a barrier to getting what they want, some people try to get around it by lying. Fainting at the sight of blood would be a barrier to becoming a nurse, since nurses often have to handle blood. Photo: Dept. of Veterans Affairs

13. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 36 kindle – verb •Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letters began to kindle her love for him. •The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. Kindle means A. to stop. B. to inspire. C.to change.

14. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 36 kindle – verb •Before Tyrone joined the navy, Callie had thought of him as “just a friend.” But his warm, affectionate letters began to kindle her love for him. •The senator’s lifelong devotion to politics was kindled early, when she was elected president of her high-school senior class. Kindle means A. to stop. B. to inspire. C.to change. Warm, affectionate letters could inspire a woman to change her feelings from friendship to love. Holding office in high-school government could inspire a lifelong devotion to politics.

15. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 37lavish – adjective •The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. •Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me.” Lavish means A. overly luxurious. B. subtle. C.amusing. White House Photo: Shealah Craighead A lavish setting for one of President Bush’s state dinners

16. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 37lavish – adjective •The lavish new offices looked very impressive, but behind all that splendor, the company was going broke. •Avery celebrated his promotion by taking his friends out for a lavish dinner. “The best of everything!” he told the waiter. “And it’s all on me.” Lavish means A. overly luxurious. B. subtle. C.amusing. The word splendor suggests that the offices were overly luxurious. Since Avery insisted on having “the best of everything,” the dinner was probably overly luxurious. White House Photo: Shealah Craighead A lavish setting for one of President Bush’s state dinners

17. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 38 ludicrous – adjective •Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. •“Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. Ludicrous means A. horrifying. B. ridiculous. C.inspiring. A ludicrous outfit for a dog

18. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 38 ludicrous – adjective •Struggling in the wind and rain with my umbrella, which had turned inside out, while my dog tugged wildly at his leash and my bag of groceries burst and spilled, I must have been a ludicrous sight. •“Diet Tips from Space Aliens”; “Five-Year-Old Gives Birth to Basketball Team”; “Florida Floating Out to Sea”—no idea seems too ludicrous to be reported in the supermarket tabloids. Ludicrous means A. horrifying. B. ridiculous. C.inspiring. Losing control of his or her belongings made the person feel ridiculous looking. These headlines are ridiculous because they describe impossible situations. A ludicrous outfit for a dog

19. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 39negligent – adjective •While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. •It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. Negligent means A. anxious. B. amusing. C.careless.

20. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 39negligent – adjective •While Hester may be a negligent housekeeper—her apartment is dusty and untidy—she makes up for it by being a loving, conscientious mother. •It’s not surprising that Rich flunked out of college. His attitude toward studying has always been negligent. Negligent means A. anxious. B. amusing. C. careless. Dust and lack of tidiness are signs of careless housekeeping. A careless attitude toward studying often results in failing grades.

21. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 40scrutinize – verb •The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. •Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutinize it for misspellings and other errors. Scrutinize means A. to inspect. B. to describe. C.to add to. Scrutinizing a spacecraft before takeoff Photo: NASA

22. TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word. 40scrutinize – verb •The detectives scrutinized the crime scene for fingerprints and other clues. •Before handing in his report, Dan was told to scrutinize it for misspellings and other errors. Scrutinize means A. to inspect. B. to describe. C.to add to. It is the job of detectives to inspect crime scenes for clues. It is important to inspect written work and correct errors before turning in a final copy. Scrutinizing a spacecraft before takeoff Photo: NASA

23. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Name: __________________________Period: _________ Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 1. Janna’s parents were _____________ of her problems at school, but they did not know the cause until a psychologist diagnosed a learning disability. 2. It’s OK not to have a car in the city, where public transportation is available; but the lack of a car is a real _______________ to getting around in the country. 3. We exclaimed with delight over our __________________ hotel room, with its thick rug, brocade curtains, and gorgeous furniture. 4. The amount of food that’s wasted in the school cafeteria _________________(s) me—surely there must be some way to share all that extra food with people who need it. 5. Delia is ____________ about nutrition. She eats mostly junk food, when she bothers to eat at all. 6. “Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone” is an old saying. It means that others would rather share your happiness than _________________ with you over your sorrow 7. Handwriting experts ________________ letters, notes, and signatures to identify the writers. 8. The Mitchells hope that letting their children have a puppy will ________________ the children’s sense of responsibility and help them develop respect for animals. 9. It was _______________ for James to tell his new girlfriend, “I attended one of the finest colleges in the country,” without mentioning that he’d flunked out. 10. The very funny Marx Brothers comedies are full of ________________ scenes, such as the one in A Night at the Opera in which fifteen people are stuffed into a room the size of a large closet. *For extra credit, use 3 of the words in one sentence correctly. Write your sentence at the back.

24. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 1. Janna’s parents were __________ of her problems at school, but they did not know the cause until a psychologist diagnosed a learning disability. Being aware of the problems is contrasted with knowing the cause. 2. It’s OK not to have a car in the city, where public transportation is available; but the lack of a car is a real __________ to getting around in the country. Since there is little public transportation available in the country, not having a car would be an obstacle to getting around.

25. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 1. Janna’s parents were __________ of her problems at school, but they did not know the cause until a psychologist diagnosed a learning disability. cognizant Being aware of the problems is contrasted with knowing the cause. 2. It’s OK not to have a car in the city, where public transportation is available; but the lack of a car is a real __________ to getting around in the country. hindrance Since there is little public transportation available in the country, not having a car would be an obstacle to getting around.

26. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 3. We exclaimed with delight over our ________ hotel room, with its thick rug, brocade curtains, and gorgeous furniture. 4. The amount of food that’s wasted in the school cafeteria ______(s) me—surely there must be some way to share all that extra food with people who need it. 5. Delia is __________ about nutrition. She eats mostly junk food, when she bothers to eat at all.

27. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 3. We exclaimed with delight over our ________ hotel room, with its thick rug, brocade curtains, and gorgeous furniture. lavish Delight over its “gorgeous” décor suggests the room was extravagant. 4. The amount of food that’s wasted in the school cafeteria ________ me—surely there must be some way to share all that extra food with people who need it. appalls The speaker is dismayed that much-needed food is needlessly wasted. 5. Delia is __________ about nutrition. She eats mostly junk food, when she bothers to eat at all. negligent People who skip meals or eat junk food don’t care about good nutrition.

28. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 6. “Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone” is an old saying. It means that others would rather share your happiness than ___________ with you over your sorrows. 7. Handwriting experts __________ letters, notes, and signatures to identify the writers.

29. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 6. “Laugh and the world laughs with you; cry and you cry alone” is an old saying. It means that others would rather share your happiness than ___________ with you over your sorrows. commiserate Sharing happiness is contrasted with sympathizing about others’ sorrows. 7. Handwriting experts __________ letters, notes, and signatures to identify the writers. scrutinize To detect individual differences in writing styles, experts must carefully examine samples of handwritten materials.

30. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 8. The Mitchells hope that letting their children have a puppy will __________ the children’s sense of responsibility and help them develop respect for animals. 9. It was __________ for James to tell his new girlfriend, “I attended one of the finest colleges in the country,” without mentioning that he’d flunked out. 10. The very funny Marx Brothers comedies are full of __________ scenes, such as the one in A Night at the Opera in which fifteen people are stuffed into a room the size of a large closet.

31. SENTENCE CHECK 1 Complete each item with the correct word from the box. A. appall B. cognizant C. commiserate D. expedient E. hindrance F. kindle G. lavish H. ludicrous I. negligent J. scrutinize 8. The Mitchells hope that letting their children have a puppy will __________ the children’s sense of responsibility and help them develop respect for animals. kindle Caring for a pet is a way to arouse responsibility and respect for animals. 9. It was __________ for James to tell his new girlfriend, “I attended one of the finest colleges in the country,” without mentioning that he’d flunked out. expedient It is self-serving to boast of accomplishments while hiding one’s failures. 10. The very funny Marx Brothers comedies are full of __________ scenes, such as the one in A Night at the Opera in which fifteen people are stuffed into a room the size of a large closet. ludicrous The word funny and the scene described suggest that ludicrousmeans “laughable.”