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Explore the factors controlling air temperature and precipitation, climate types, geological impacts, and Earth's history, including CO2 levels, glacier cycles, and climate shifts.
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What are the factors that control air temperature? • What are the factors that control precipitation? • What drives the annual temperature regime. • What effect does a marine location have on temperature? • What are examples of a Mediterranean climate, Dry Midlatitude climate, Moist Continental climate? • What are examples of Boreal Forest, Tundra, and Ice Sheet climates?
How does rock weathering effect CO2 levels? • Is something like the Tibetan Plateau normal in Earth history? • How much different was the climate at the latitude of Orlando 50 Myrs ago than now? • How much different was the climate at the latitude of New York 50 Myrs ago than now? • What was the arctic climate like 50 Myrs ago? • Is the current sea level normal for Earth? • Prevailing westerly winds off the ocean create what kind of climate?
Do climate zones shift with continental drift? • Is the Earth’s magnetic field constant over geological time? • Why was the Cretaceous so much warmer? • Why has the climate grown colder since the Cretaceous? • What is an example of a trade-wind coastal climate? A moist subtropical climate? A marine west coast climate? • What are examples of critters found in Dry Midlatitude or Tundra climates?
What causes changes in the volume of ocean ridges and, thus, ocean basin volume? • What effect does continental collision have on ocean basin volume? • What is the effect of ice sheets on sea levels? • What is the effect of thermal contraction or expansion of seawater on sea level? • How would the expansion of oceans effect climate? • What accounts for Europe’s mild climate?
Where are we in the current Milankovitch cycle? • What affect does mountain uplift have on the monsoon cycle? • About how much carbon is typically in the atmosphere? • What is an accumulation zone? Ablation zone? • What happens to the crust when it is loaded with ice? • What do we know about the Earth’s axial tilt?
Is today’s rate of physical weathering unusually high? • What is a perihelion? Aphelion? • How much less solar radiation does the Earth get at Aphelion? • What is the tilt cycle and how long is it? • How long is the precession cycle? • What is insolation? • What is the eccentricity cycle and how long is it? • What are the three major greenhouse gases in the Earth’s atmosphere?
What are summer and winter monsoons? • What is the ITCZ? • How do African monsoons respond to insolation? • What are three pieces of evidence for stronger monsoons in North Africa? • What is the Milankovitch theory? • What is a glacial equilibrium line? • How does mountain building effect CO2? • How does latitude effect the equilibrium line?
What happens with cold summers and warm winters? • What is the climate point? • How does elevation shift the climate point? • How does insolation changes effect the climate point? • Describe the lags between ice sheets and summer insolation? • What is the response to ice loading on the crust? • What is calving?
What happened to the glacial cycles 2.75 Myr ago? • What happened to the glacial cycles 0.9 Myr ago? • How do you know that gas trapped in ice cores samples ancient atmosphere? • How much does the atmosphere cool with altitude. • What is glacial rebound? • How does glacial rebound explain the sinking of Holland?