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ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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    1. ALTERATIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF A CVA

    3. Clinical Manifestations Vary dependent on the cerebral artery involved S & S always sudden on onset Focal and usually one sided Commonly weakness involving face & arm Changes with the senses Opposite side of brain affected

    6. Homonymous Hemianopsia

    7. Cerebrovascular Accident Clinical Manifestations Right Brain – Left Brain Damage

    9. Clinical Manifestations Motor Function Impairment Caused by destruction of motor neurons in the pyramidal pathway (brain to spinal cord) Mobility Respiratory function Swallowing and speech Gag reflex Self-care activities

    10. Clinical Manifestations Affect Difficulty controlling emotions Exaggerated or unpredictable emotional response Depression / feelings regarding changed body image and loss of function

    11. Clinical Manifestations Intellectual Function Memory and judgment Left-brain stroke: cautious in making judgments Right-brain stroke: impulsive & moves quickly to decisions Difficulties in learning new skills

    12. Cerebrovascular Accident Clinical Manifestations Communication Receptive Aphasia (Wernicke’s area): impaired comprehension of language – spoken & written Expressive Aphasia (Broca’s area): difficulty in speaking and writing Dysarthria: poor control of muscles for speech

    13. Clinical Manifestations Spatial-Perceptual Alterations 1. Incorrect perception of self & illness 2. Neglect syndrome: unaware of the existence of the affected side 3. Agnosia: Inability to recognize an object by sight, touch or hearing 4. Apraxia: Inability to carry out learned sequential movements on command

    14. Clinical Manifestations Elimination Most problems occur initially and are temporary One hemisphere stroke: prognosis is excellent for normal bladder function Bowel elimination: constipation associated with immobility, weak abdominal muscles, dehydration

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