APUSH: Securing the Republic

1. APUSH: Securing the Republic Weber 217

2. Activator • Sign up for the next round of debates. • Can you answer these questions: • How did the rivalry between Britain and France shape early American politics? • In what ways was liberty restricted during Adam’s presidency? • What actions did Thomas Jefferson take toward creating what he called an “empire of liberty?” • Why did contemporaries call the War of 1812 the Second War for Independence?

3. Agenda • Activator, agenda, and objective (10 minutes) • Chronology: getting the dates straight (10 minutes) • Ch. 8 Securing the Republic overview (30 minutes) • Research questions group work (30-45 minutes) • Research questions presentations (30-45 minutes) • Exit ticket and homework (5 minutes)

4. Objective • 5. The Early Republic, 1789–1815 • Washington, Hamilton, and shaping of the national government • Emergence of political parties: Federalists and Republicans • Significance of Jefferson’s presidency • The War of 1812 and its consequences

5. Review Questions • How did the rivalry between Britain and France shape early American politics? • In what ways was liberty restricted during Adam’s presidency? • What actions did Thomas Jefferson take toward creating what he called an “empire of liberty?” • Why did contemporaries call the War of 1812 the Second War for Independence?

6. Chronology • 1787 – Constitution • 1789 – Inauguration of George Washington • 1789 – French Revolution; 1791 Haitian Revolution. • 1794 – Jay’s Treaty; Whisky Rebellion. • 1798 – XYZ Affair; Alien Sedition Act • 1801 Inauguration of Thomas Jefferson. • 1803 – Louisiana Purchase; Marbury vs. Maryland. • 1809 – James Madison • 1812 – War of 1812. • 1815 – Battle of New Orleans

7. Chapter 8: Securing the Republic • Political history of the new nation. • Washington’s inaugural shows how founders believed in and the theory of the republic as the American experiment in self-government. • Contrasting view of how new gov. should look: • Federalists: supported Alexander Hamilton program for economic growth. • Democratic-Republicans: supported Thomas Jefferson’s vision of an agrarian republic. • Presidency of John Adams and the restrictions on freedom with the Alien Sedition Acts. • Issues with British over rights at sea. James Madison declares war against Great Britain in 1812 (second war of independence).

8. Ch. 8, Image 8

9. Ch. 8, Image 3

10. Securing the Republic Highlights • Washington’s Inaugeration. • Alexander Hamilton’s Program: • As secretary of the treasury Hamilton wanted to make the U.S. a major commercial and military power. Federalists supported Washington and Hamilton. • His program had 5 parts: • Create creditworthiness; create a new national debt; create a Bank of the U.S.; tax producers of whisky; impose tariffs an gov. subsidies. (Aligned with Great Britain) • James Madison and Thomas Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s plan. • (Future to the West not with Great Britain).

11. Whisky Rebellion • Whisky Rebellion of 1794 proved to the Federalists that democracy in the hands of ordinary citizens was dangerous.

12. Republican Party • Republicans were more sympathetic to France and had more faith in democratic self-government. • Political language became more and more heated. • Expanding public sphere.

13. Ch. 8, Image 9

14. Highlights • The Adam’s Presidency: barely beat Thomas Jefferson; various crises; • Alien Sedition Acts: restriction of liberty; Thomas Jefferson claims they are like the Salem Witch Trials (republican press). • Haitian Revolution and Gabriel’s Rebellion: successful slave uprising in Haiti; Gabriel Prosser tries in Virginia; speaks of revolutionary liberty; Virginia slave laws get worse.

15. Jefferson’s Presidency • Break from the Federalists. • Judicial Review: John Marshall’s supreme court gets more power (Marbury vs. Madison; Fletcher vs. Peck). • Louisiana Purchase: Jefferson had to go against his conviction that federal gov. was limited to powers specifically mentioned in Constitution; he was interested with trade through New Orleans; he justified it securing economic stability for his agrarian farmers. • Lewis and Clark: journey west from 1804-1806; paved the way for transcontinental dreams bolstered by Manifest Destiny.

16. Ch. 8, Image 5

17. War of 1812 • The Second War for Independence • Native American response: • Tecumseh’s vision: tried to revive the pan-Indian movement against the white man. • Madison asked for war for the sake of national pride. • Government found it difficult to finance the war; Americans enjoyed few military successes. • Peace at Treaty of Ghent in 1814. • Consequences of the War of 1812: • Confirmed the ability of a republican government to conduct war without surrendering its institutions; • Strengthened growing sense of nationalism (also in Canada) • Federalist Party lost influence to Republicans • Hartford Convention.

18. Ch. 8, Image 1

19. Ch. 8, Image 15

20. Ch. 8, Image 16

21. Ch. 8, Image 18

22. Ch. 8, Image 19

23. Ch. 8, Image 21

24. Ch. 8, Image 23

25. Research Questions Group Work • Each group will have one research question. • Your task is to conduct research in order to answer the question. • You will make a poster with your findings and present to the class. • Your answer must be clear, well, organized, and connect to the chapter and to the greater historical context.

26. Research Questions • 1. Describe how and why political parties arose. • 2. Explain why Thomas Jefferson thought Alexander Hamilton’s economic system “flowed from principles adverse to liberty, and was calculated to undermine and demolish the republic.” • 3. Why was Napoleon willing to sell the Louisiana territory to the United States? • 4. The War of 1812 is sometimes referred to as the Second War for Independence. Do you agree that this is an appropriate title? Why, or why not? Explain… • 5. Reflect back to James Madison’s argument in the The Federalist that diversity and debate would strengthen the republic, rather than weaken it. Using the Voices of Freedom was well as the quasi-war, discuss the expansion of the public sphere and explore whether Madison’s argument is valid.

27. Exit ticket and homework • If you signed up for Friday’s debate be sure and pick up your research. • Homework: • Read chapter 9 for next Tuesday. • Prepare DBQ on Washington or Jefferson for Thursday.