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Concentration, pH, Temperature and Pressure

Concentration, pH, Temperature and Pressure. Concentration. A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one substance (the solute) dissolved in another substance (the solvent). Concentration is a ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent.

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Concentration, pH, Temperature and Pressure

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  1. Concentration, pH, Temperature and Pressure

  2. Concentration • A solution is a homogeneous mixture of one substance (the solute) dissolved in another substance (the solvent). • Concentration is a ratio of the amount of solute to the amount of solvent.

  3. The concentration of a solution is a measure of the amount of solute that is dissolved in a given quantity of solvent. • A dilute solution is one that contains a small amount of solute. • A concentrated solution contains a large amount of solute.

  4. Concentrations of Solutions • Behavior of solutions depend on compound itself and on how much is present, i.e. on the concentration. • Two solutions can contain the same compounds but behave quite different because the proportions of those compounds are different.

  5. Concentrations of Solutions • Concentration of a solution: the more solute in a given volume of solvent, the more concentrated • 1 tsp salt (NaCl)/cup of water vs • 3 Tbsp salt/cup water

  6. pH Scale • Based on concentration of hydrogen ions • All solutions have pH between 0 and 14 • Pure water pH = 7 • Acidic solutions pH less than 7 • Basic solutions pH more than 7 • Each whole number represents a factor of 10 on pH scale. pH 5 has 10 times more hydrogen ions than pH 6.

  7. pH Scale 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 11 12 13 14 Neutral Acidic Basic

  8. Rate of Dissolving • You know that salt easily mixes with water by dissolving in it. But did you know that salt can dissolve at different rates? • The temperature of the water, the size of the salt particles, and how you stir the solution are factors that affect how quickly the salt dissolves.

  9. Temperature • Temperature affects the rate of dissolving in a solution. • The particles of a substance are always moving. • When heat is added, the particles move faster making it dissolve faster in a liquid. • Think about adding sugar to ice tea vs. hot tea. Which one dissolves faster?

  10. Solubility: Temperature Dependence • All solubilities are temperature dependent • Most solids are more soluble at higher temperatures. Exceptions exist.

  11. Particle Size • Another factor that affects the rate of dissolving is particle size. • The smaller the solute particles are, the faster they dissolve. • If you have ever made a cup of hot chocolate, you dissolved powder into milk. • If you put a piece of a chocolate bar in the milk, it would take a longer time to dissolve.

  12. Stirring • Stirring also affects the rate of dissolving. • When adding particles to a liquid, you stir or shake the liquid. • This action makes the solute dissolve more quickly. • What happens if you pour a drink mix into a container without stirring?

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