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Electricity

Electricity. Static Is stationary E.g. Brush your hair Wool socks in tumble drier. Current Flows around circuit E.g. turn on light Computer. Electricity. Electricity occurs in 2 different forms. Static Electricity. Occurs with materials which are insulators

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Electricity

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  1. Electricity

  2. Static Is stationary E.g. Brush your hair Wool socks in tumble drier Current Flows around circuit E.g. turn on light Computer Electricity Electricity occurs in 2 different forms

  3. Static Electricity • Occurs with materials which are insulators • Rubbing adds or removes electrons • Object becomes charged • Like objects repel, unlike attract

  4. Current Electricity • Electrons flow through a conductor • Negative to positive • Circuit = continuous loop for electrons to flow • Needs energy supply • Energy user

  5. Wire Ammeter Battery Fuse Connected wires Bulb Switch Voltmeter diode Resistor Rheostat Electrical components

  6. CIRCUIT TYPES The simplest type of circuit involves electricity going around with no “choices” (electrons don’t really choose). This is called a Series circuit. Draw the path the electrons travel. The other main type of circuit has two or more branches. This is called a Parallel circuit. Draw on the electron flow. What sort of circuit is this? A parallel… but, more importantly… A short circuit.

  7. Series circuit • Has a single loop for electrons to travel round • Components are connected one after another • Current has to travel through all components • Current is the same at all points • Voltage is shared between components

  8. Parallel circuit • Has two or more paths for electrons to flow down • Current is shared between the branches • Sum of the current in each branch = total current • Voltage loss is the same across all components

  9. Current (I) Current is the flow of electrons around a circuit • DC = direct current like battery • Electrons flow in one direction • AC = Alternating current like mains • Electron flow changes direction 60x per second

  10. Ammeter • Measures CURRENT(I) • Unit = Amp (A) • Current is flow of electrons • Connect in series at the point you wish to measure • RED to RED and BLACK to BLACK

  11. 3 pin plug • 3 wires • P = phase (brown or red) • N = neutral (blue or black) • E = earth (yellow/green or green)

  12. Voltage (V) Gain or loss of energy as it passes through a component • Voltage lost = voltage gained • In series voltage loss is shared between components • In parallel voltage loss is the same across all components

  13. Voltmeter • Measures voltage • Unit = Volt (V) • Voltage increases as it passes through energy suppliers • Voltage is decreased as it passes through users • Connect in parallel around a component

  14. SUMMARY The branches share electrons and add to the total Always the same Voltage from source = voltage used Voltage is shared between power users Voltage is the same in all branches

  15. Electricity Generation

  16. Fossil Fuels

  17. Hydro Dam

  18. Hydroelectric power

  19. Nuclear power

  20. Wind Power

  21. Tidal Power

  22. Geothermal

  23. Solar • Solar water heating • Photovoltaic cells • Solar furnace

  24. V I × R Resistance (R) The amount that a component slows the current • As the electrons are slowed by a resistor, energy is lost in the form of heat. • This means that current, resistance and voltage must be linked. • This is Ohms law • The unit of resistance is the ohm, symbol 

  25. P I × V Power Energy used by component per second • Unit of power is the Watt, symbol is W • One watt means that 1 joule of electrical energy is being used up per second. • Current, voltage and power are linked

  26. PROBLEMS Fill in the gaps in the table. a b c d e f g h j i k l

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