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Karl Marx

Karl Marx. The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Czar Alexander II. Czar (Tsar) Alexander II. The Crimean War was fought between Russia and the allied forces of the United Kingdom, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.

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Karl Marx

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  1. Karl Marx The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.

  2. Czar Alexander II

  3. Czar (Tsar) Alexander II

  4. The Crimean War was fought between Russia and the allied forces of the United Kingdom, France, the Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia. • It began on the Crimean peninsula in 1853. The allies objected to expanding Russian power in the Black Sea area and to the seizing of land from the Ottoman Empire. Russia was defeated in 1856. Florence Nightingale

  5. Russian Serfdom % at the time of its abolishment

  6. Count Sergei Witte Minister of Finance

  7. The shell-shop of the Putilov works, St Petersburg 1903

  8. Trans-Siberian line in red

  9. “It is Too Soon to Thank God.' - The Assassination of Czar Alexander II"

  10. Lenin's older brother Alexander Ulyanov--Part of the Populist Terrorists

  11. Karl Marx--Co-Author of Communist Manifesto • G. Plekhanov--Father of Russian Marxism A young Lenin, around 1890

  12. Czar Alexander III

  13. Alexander III

  14. Czar Nicholas II and Czarina Alexandra with children

  15. Winter Palace from across the Neva River • One of St. Petersburg's many canals

  16. The Winter Palace built between 1754 and 1762 as the winter residence of the Russian tsars.

  17. Father Gapon, Iron Workers and the Mayor of St. Petersburg, 1905

  18. The Tsar's soldiers shooting at demonstrators at the Winter PalaceBloody Sunday, 01-22-1905 (new calendar)

  19. Painting of the Bloody Sunday massacre (Source: Brooklyn College History Department) Father Gapon (Source: Hulton Getty)

  20. Treaty of Portsmouth 1905 –ended Russo-Japanese War

  21. Demonstrations of 1905

  22. 1905 (June)--Potemkin Mutiny

  23. Duma

  24. Session of the Duma 1906

  25. Socialist Revolutionary Party • . Goal. Their main goal, just like the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks, was to stop one part of society from exploiting the other.  They differed, however, by targeting the bottom of the working class, not the educated "proletariats."  • They wanted the tsar overthrown.

  26. "Bolsheviks" because it meant "majority."  • Bolsheviks

  27. Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party • "dictatorship of the proletariat."  Constitutional Assembly, elected by the people, to rule.

  28. Why was the Revolution of 1905 NOT THE Revolution? • Political – Too many groups, no unity, no clear objectives. • Tsar offers concessions offered by Witte and Duma extended limited rights – speech & religion • Most strikes eventually abandoned • Tsar could revoke, and did, the Constitution • Use of spies and secret police to infiltrate subversive groups. • Arrest of many revolutionary leaders, including Soviets.

  29. why not the Revolution of 1905cont’d. • Military • Mutinies, including the Potemkin, were crushed • Lack of full military support for the revolution • Tsar used force to put down demonstrations

  30. Table 1 Percentage Distribution of the World's Manufacturing Production, 1870 and 1913 (percentage of world total)

  31. Table 2 The Rate of Industrial Growth in Five Selected Countries Indices of Industrial Production (Base Figures - 1905-13 = 100)

  32. Table 3 Output of Coal and Lignite - Selected Countries, Annual Averages (in million metric tonnes)

  33. Table 4 Output of Pig Iron - Selected Countries, Annual Averages (in thousand metric tons)

  34. Table 5 Growth of the Cotton Industry in Selected Countries (Cotton Spindles - Selected Countries, Annual Total Figures [in 1000's])

  35. Table 6 [See this data presented in a variety of ways - Table 6 Extra] Spread of Railways in Ten Selected Countries (Length of line open [in kilometers [1km = 5/8 mile])

  36. Table 7 Illiteracy in Europe, c. 1850 (Approximate Percentage of Adult Illiterates is Indicated Where Known)

  37. Table 8 Population (tentative estimates in millions - much of it guesswork)

  38. http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/indrevtabs1.html

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