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Financial Tools to Mitigate Risks

Explore loan analysis best practices, financial linkages, inventory credit, hedging, insurance strategies, and the "Five C's" for loan analysis critical for micro and small businesses in rural areas. Learn about investment mechanisms, capital enhancement guarantees, and the 3 "R's" of risk management.

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Financial Tools to Mitigate Risks

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  1. Financial Tools to Mitigate Risks • Loan analysis best practices • Financial linkages – capacity, insurance, diversified markets • Inventory credit • Hedging • Insurance

  2. Five “C’s”for loan analysis Critical for HH in rural areas–micro+small • Character • Capacity________ • Capital • Collateral • Conditions • Management • Technical • Human and Labor • Loan terms • Production cycle • Markets

  3. Exporter/ Wholesaler or Processor Inspection & Licensing Co. Traders and Farmer Organizations Warehouse Receipts Map of Product, Receipt and Credit Insurance Co. Warehouse Bank Farmers Key Receipt Trade credit Trade / seasonal credit Product

  4. Hedging for Market Risk Mitigation FARMERS BUYERS FUTURE DEALS NGO/GO Tech Ass. BROKER BROKER Selling Bids COMMODITY EXCHANGE Buying Bids

  5. Investment, Leverage and Enhancement Mechanisms • Investment funds Ex. MicroVest, La-CIF, OikoCredit, Blue Orchard, SEAF • Special Purpose Vehicles Ex. Eastern Europe SPV • Guarantee Funds Ex. ACCION, Stabex Kenya, USAID DCA • Capital Enhancement Guarantees Ex. CIDA Guayape Honduras

  6. Capital Enhancement Guarantees Structured policy incentives • Tax • Legal reserve requirements • Major catastrophe insurance • Collateral policy requirement incentives Ex. ACB Thailand – collateralization of non- traditional assets – property leases, common property & equipment, intellectual property, vendor rights

  7. 3 “R’s”of risk • Risk • Return • Repayment Credit guarantees focus on repayment Root issues are primarily risk and return Structural responses must deal with all three

  8. Responding to the Future • Promoting healthy rural enterprise • Market competitiveness promotion • Capacity development • Infrastructural development • Technology promotion and research • Conducive tax and business environment • Capital enhancement and credit guarantees • Liberal financial sector with progressive collateralization policies • Guarantees and enhancements where feasible

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