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Digitizing, Georeferencing and Publishing on Web of the ”Charta României Meridionale”

Digitizing, Georeferencing and Publishing on Web of the ”Charta României Meridionale”. BARTOS-ELEKES Zsombor (Babeş–Bolyai Univ. – Dept. of Geography in Hungarian, Cluj, RO) IMECS Zoltán (Babeş–Bolyai Univ. – Dept. of Geography in Hungarian, Cluj, RO) MAGYARI-SÁSKA Zsolt

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Digitizing, Georeferencing and Publishing on Web of the ”Charta României Meridionale”

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  1. Digitizing, Georeferencing and Publishing on Web of the”Charta României Meridionale” BARTOS-ELEKES Zsombor (Babeş–Bolyai Univ. – Dept. of Geography in Hungarian, Cluj, RO) IMECS Zoltán (Babeş–Bolyai Univ. – Dept. of Geography in Hungarian, Cluj, RO) MAGYARI-SÁSKA Zsolt (Babeş–Bolyai Univ. – Dept. of Geography for Extensions, Gheorgheni, RO) TIMÁR Gábor (Eötvös University – Dept. of Geophysics and Space Science, Budapest, HU) UEFISCDI / Babeş–Bolyai University PN-II-RU-TE-2011-3-0125 2011–2014

  2. Introduction: materials, methods • Szathmári: Charta României Meridionale (1864) • based on the Austrian topographic survey and map series from 1855–1859 • lithographed by Szathmári Pap Károly = Carol Pop de Satmari between 1860–1864 • Map of Southern Romania (1864): the first detailed topographic map of Walachia • the purpose of our project: • describing the circumstances of the survey and map-making • calculating the datum and projection • finding and digitizing the copies • georeferencing and publishing on web

  3. Historical background, topographical precedents • Walachia • vassal state of the Ottoman Empire • occupied sometimes by the Habsburg Empire or Russian Empire • First Austrian Military Survey • Specht 1788–1792

  4. The circumstances of the beginning of the survey • 1853–1856Crimean War • Russia occupied Moldavia and Walachia (which were under Ottoman control) • Turkey declared war to Russia • Austria occupied Walachia as a peacekeeping force (August 1854 – March 1857) • Russia was defeated, Treaty of Paris • Contract on survey • April 1855: Austria offered the survey to Walachia • Barbu Stirbey (Prince of Walachia) agreed to it • Walachia had to pay money to Austria and would get a copy of the map made by the Austrians

  5. The surveying organization (1) • Militärgeographisches Institut (Austrian Institute of Military Geography) • Second Military Survey • Director: August von Fligely (1811–1879) • Geodesy: Eduard Pechmann von Maahsen, Iacob Marieni. • helped by Romanian officers: C-tin Barozzi • War Archives of the Austrian State Archive(ÖStA-Kriegsarchiv), Vienna

  6. The surveying organization (2) • leaders of work

  7. The territory and the period of the survey • Walachia and parts of Dobrogea • April 1855– September 1859

  8. The geodetic basis (1) • Fundamental point (astronomical observatory): Movila David • Azimuth fixed to Movila Păunei • Baseline • Ellipsoid: Walbeck 1821 (Zach–Oriani) • Prime meridian: Ferro.

  9. The geodetic basis (2) • Triangulation network between Black Sea and Transylvania

  10. Projection, scale, map sheets • Projection: • Cassini-Soldner • central point:Vizaknai-hegy (Dealul Sibiului) in Transylvania • Scale: • 1: 57,600 • 1 inch on the map = 800 fathoms on terrain • Map sheet: • 16 inch x 24 inch (map) • 12,800 fathom x 19,200 fathom (terrain)

  11. The Austrian series 1: 57,600 (1) • 112 sheets

  12. The Austrian series 1: 57,600 (2) • manuscript map (1 or 2 copy) compiled in Vienna

  13. Szathmári’s series 1: 57 600 (1) • Szathmári Pap Károly = Carol Pop de Satmari • birth: Kolozsvár/Cluj (Transylvania), 1812 • invited to Walachia in 1843 • death: Bucharest (Romania), 1887 • he copied the Austrian map and translated the lettering to Romanian • color lithographed map duplicated in at about 10 copies (112 + 3 sheets) • printed in 1864 (some sheets in Vienna, others in Bucharest) Austrian = red Szathmári = blue

  14. Szathmári’s series 1: 57 600 (2) • Title sheet

  15. Szathmári’s series 1: 57 600 (3) • Legend (explanation of symbols)

  16. Szathmári’s series 1: 57 600 (4) • Index map

  17. Szathmári’s series 1: 57 600 (5) • 112 map sheets

  18. The content of the map • Relief: Lehmann-hachures • Hydrography • Vegetation • Settlements • Routes • Borders • Toponyms: Latin Script

  19. The reduced maps (1) • Austrian version • 1: 288,000 • Vienna, 1867 • 6 sheets + index map

  20. The reduced maps (2) • Romanian version • 1: 288,00 • Bucharest (Sibiu?) • 1867–1869? • 1 sheet

  21. The consequences of the survey and map • Historical background • 1859: union of Moldavia and Walachia (United Principalities >> Romania) • 1877: independence from Turkey • 1858 Corps of Engeneers, developed to the Romanian Military Topographic Corporation

  22. The preservation of the maps (1) • Austrian version: • War Archives of the Austrian State Archive, Vienna • 1 complete series (B III a 203-4) • working versions • documentation of the survey

  23. The preservation of the maps (2) • Szathmári’s version (8 copies) • Romania • Map Collection of the Romanian Academy Library (Bucharest) [2] • Cholnoky Map Collection (Cluj-Napoca) • Cuza University (Jassy) • Hungary • Map Room of Institute and Museum of Military History (Budapest) • Austria • War Archives of the Austrian State Archive (Vienna) [2] • USA • Clark Library Map Collection (Ann Arbor, MI)

  24. Digitization • Full series in Budapest and Cluj-Napoca • Some sheets in Vienna • Resolution: 300 dpi (=5m/pixel)

  25. Georeferencing (1) • Datum, ellipsoid, projection • Vizakna datum • Zach-Oriani ellipsoid • Cassini projection centered at Vizakna • Planar coordinates • terrain extents of the map sheet • labeling system • Control-points • 4 corners of the sheet

  26. Georeferencing (2) • Front image: Szathmári’s map • Background image: modern topographic map • Movila David triangulation point

  27. Georeferencing (3) • Brăila and Turnu Severin – cities which had been transferred from the Ottoman Empire to Walachia with Treaty of Edirne (1829)

  28. Georeferencing (4) • Border between Habsburg Empire (Transylvania) and United Principalities • Tömösi / Predeal Pass • Northern part of image: Austrian topographic map of Transylvania • Southern part of image: Szathmári’s map

  29. Publishing on web (1) • Source of maps

  30. Publishing on web (2) • Results on website: • www.charta1864.ro • viewer: panning (moving), zooming levels of the mosaic map • export: original map sheet, georeferenced file in contemporary projection • place name index: finding settlements • essay • visualising on Google maps

  31. This work was supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research, CNCS – UEFISCDI, project number PN-II-RU-TE-2011-3-0125. • http://www.charta1864.ro • http://hagyatek.cholnoky.ro/charta/ • bezsombor@yahoo.com • zimecs@yahoo.com • zsmagyari@gmail.com • timar@ludens.elte.hu

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