Questions Reviewed in Class

1. Questions Reviewed in Class

2. Wilson’s Fourteen Points • Why didn’t Wilson support all of the war aims of Britain and France?

3. Answer They were fiercely anti-German and made a number of secret agreements about breaking off parts of Germany and the territories of other enemies?

4. What was Wilson’s idea of Self-Determination?

5. Answer • Ethnic and national groups should be able to decide their own future for themselves-whether to remain part of an existing country, annexed by another country, or set their own independent government.

6. What were his 14 points designed to do?

7. Answer • To Present a way to end the war and win maximum support

8. This is the fourteen points in a summary • There should be no secret alliances between countries • Freedom of the seas in peace and war • The reduction of trade barriers among nations • The general reduction of armaments • The adjustment of colonial claims in the interest of the inhabitants as well as of the colonial powers • The evacuation of Russian territory and a welcome for its government to the society of nations • The restoration of Belgian territories in Germany • The evacuation of all French territory, including Alsace-Lorraine • The readjustment of Italian boundaries along clearly recognizable lines of nationality • Independence for various national groups in Austria-Hungary • The restoration of the Balkan nations and free access to the sea for Serbia • Protection for minorities in Turkey and the free passage of the ships of all nations through the Dardanelles • Independence for Poland, including access to the sea • A league of nations to protect "mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity to great and small nations alike."

9. What was the name of the treaty that ended WWI?

10. Answer • The Treat of Versailles

11. What do these acronyms represent? BCE and CE

12. The Vikings, or Norse, were a phenomenal race of ___________ warriors who raided Northern Europe, Eastern Asia, and Eastern North America.

13. Vikings settle in Iceland in 860 and later colonized _________ about a hundred years later.

14. Vikings were not just pirates and warriors but also __________ and colonists

15. Traders

16. Vikings targeted the ___________________________, which were their major sources of wealth at the time.

17. Churches and Monasteries

18. The Swedish Vikings influenced the growth of the early ___________state around Kiev. The Slavic people called them “Rus”. They were ruled by Vikings for a long time that the land was named ______________.

19. Russian, Russia

20. The Viking invasions caused European kingdoms to be more centralized and focused. European kingdoms learned how to protect themselves and gain by ________and negotiating with the Vikings instead of ___________ them

21. Trade, fighting

22. Vikings became citizens of many places in Europe. Many had become _____________ back in their homelands. This lead to the downfall of the Norse religion and culture.

23. Christians

24. Name the first civilization to arise in the area of Greece and the island of Crete.

25. Minoan

26. Name the Group of people who traded with the Minoans Clues: It’s capital was the capital for the legendary king Agamemnon (the Trojan War). As in Crete, the political unit was a kingdom ruled by the king and his warrior nobles. kings ruled from their palaces economy was marked by extensive division of labor, tightly controlled from above. People were divided into artisans, farmers, laborers, and slaves (most of whom toiled for kings or aristocrats). All worked according to orders from the king and his nobles. traded with the Minoans--for at least 200 years, relations between the two peoples were peaceful. Sometime around 1450 BC, this group attacked Crete, destroying many of the Minoan palaces and capturing it for the next 50 years

27. Mycenaean

28. The city-state of Athens introduced ______________ which laid to the foundation for Europe’s government and culture.

29. Democracy

30. What is a Republic?

31. Republic Government that no longer has a monarchy in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them

32. The __________became the dominant political unit during the Dark ages of Greece.

33. Polis

34. The Romans founded a ____________ which eventually encompassed Europe, Throughout the empire the Romans built a network of roads, bridges, & ______________________that connected outlying areas to Rome.

35. Republic, Aqueducts

36. __________________ became the official religion of the Roman Empire. Eventually the Roman Empire was divided and ruled by ____ ______One in the West and one in the East. Each region developed its own politics, religions, and cultural traditions.

37. Christianity, 2 emperors

38. _______________ groups from the north overthrew the Roman rule in the western half of the empire, they began separate kingdoms, and accepted the western form of Christianity ________ __________. The eastern half eventually became the Byzantine Empire with its capital in Constantinople (today called Istanbul). The eastern form of Christianity became known as ________ ___________.

39. Christianity, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox

40. After the fall of Rome, western Europe enters the ___________ _______ - the period between ancient times and modern times. ____________- A system where monarchs or lords gave land to nobles in return for pledges of loyalty. Serfs worked the land. It replaced centralized government.

41. Discrimination and persecution by Christians in western Europe forced many ______ to settle in eastern Europe.

42. Jews

43. The __________ were a series of brutal religious wars to win Palestine. Christians wanted to “free” the birthplace of Christ from Muslim rule. Europeans did not win permanent control of Palestine, but did develop new trade route in the eastern Mediterranean.

44. The 300 year period of discovery and learning known as the _____________ renewed interest in ancient Greece and Roman culture led to scientific advances. One of the major advances was movable type This helped spread new ideas more quickly and easily.

45. Renaissance

46. Availability of printed material spread the ideas of the _____________. These new ideas weakened the power of the Roman Catholic Church and led to the rise of Protestantism (Martin Luther-95 thesis-Indulgences). This movement is known as the Protestant Reformation. Religious wars engulfed Europe and enabled monarchs to strengthen their power over nobles and church leaders.

47. Reformation

48. _____________ __________ (Capitalism) begins in England. Power driven machines and new methods of production transformed life in Europe. New social groups emerged: the middle class of merchants and factory owners and the working class of factory laborers.

49. Industrial Revolution

50. Inequality in the industrial work place led to the birth of _____________ – a philosophy that called for a society based on economic equality in which the workers controlled the factories and all industrial production.