Internet

1. Internet Edith Gutierrez

2. What Is The Internet • The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s • the Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve several billion users worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private, public, academic, business, and government networks, of local to global scope, that are linked by a broad array of electronic, wireless and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries an extensive range of information resources and services, such as the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support email.

3. Internet history • The Internet is named for "interconnection of computer networks". It is a massive hardware combination of millions of personal, business, and governmental computers, all connected like roads and highways. The Internet started in the 1960's under the original name "ARPAnet". ARPAnet was originally an experiment in how the US military could maintain communications in case of a possible nuclear strike. With time, ARPAnet became a civilian experiment, connecting university mainframe computers for academic purposes. As personal computers became more mainstream in the 1980's and 1990's, the Internet grew exponentially as more users plugged their computers into the massive network. Today, the Internet has grown into a public spiderweb of millions of personal, government, and commercial computers, all connected by cables and by wireless signals.

4. Internet Timeline • 1969 -ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) goes online in December, connecting four major U.S. universities. Designed for research, education, and government organizations, it provides a communications network linking the country in the event that a military attack destroys conventional communications systems. • 1972 -Electronic mail is introduced by Ray Tomlinson, a Cambridge, Mass., computer scientist. He uses the @ to distinguish between the sender's name and network name in the email address. • 1976 -Presidential candidate Jimmy Carter and running mate Walter Mondale use email to plan campaign events. Queen Elizabeth sends her first email. She's the first state leader to do so. • 1982 -The word “Internet” is used for the first time. • 1985 -Quantum Computer Services, which later changes its name to America Online, debuts. It offers email, electronic bulletin boards, news, and other information. • 1988 -A virus called the Internet Worm temporarily shuts down about 10% of the world's Internet servers. • Tim Berners-Lee of CERN (European Laboratory for Particle Physics) develops a new technique for distributing information on the Internet. He calls it the World Wide Web. The Web is based on hypertext, which permits the user to connect from one document to another at different sites on the Internet via hyperlinks (specially programmed words, phrases, buttons, or graphics). Unlike other Internet protocols, such as FTP and email, the Web is accessible through a graphical user interface. • 1991 -Gopher, which provides point-and-click navigation, is created at the University of Minnesota and named after the school mascot. Gopher becomes the most popular interface for several years. • 1993 -Mosaic is developed by Marc Andreeson at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA). It becomes the dominant navigating system for the World Wide Web, which at this time accounts for merely 1% of all Internet traffic.

5. Internet Timeline Part 2 • 1994 -The White House launches its website, www.whitehouse.gov.Initial commerce sites are established and mass marketing campaigns are launched via email, introducing the term “spamming” to the Internet vocabulary. • Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark start Netscape Communications. They introduce the Navigator browser. • 1995 -CompuServe, America Online, and Prodigy start providing dial-up Internet access. • Sun Microsystems releases the Internet programming language called Java. • 1996 -Approximately 45 million people are using the Internet, with roughly 30 million of those in North America (United States and Canada), 9 million in Europe, and 6 million in Asia/Pacific (Australia, Japan, etc.). 43.2 million (44%) U.S. households own a personal computer, and 14 million of them are online. • 1997 -On July 8, 1997, Internet traffic records are broken as the NASA website broadcasts images taken by Pathfinder on Mars. The broadcast generates 46 million hits in one day. • The term “weblog” is coined. It’s later shortened to “blog.” • 1998 -Google opens its first office, in California. • 1999 -College student Shawn Fanning invents Napster, a computer application that allows users to swap music over the Internet. The number of Internet users worldwide reaches 150 million by the beginning of 1999. More than 50% are from the United States. “E-commerce” becomes the new buzzword as Internet shopping rapidly spreads.MySpace.com is launched. • 2000 -To the chagrin of the Internet population, deviant computer programmers begin designing and circulating viruses with greater frequency. “Love Bug” and “Stages” are two examples of self-replicating viruses that send themselves to people listed in a computer user's email address book. The heavy volume of email messages being sent and received forces many infected companies to temporarily shut down their clogged networks.

6. Internet Vocabulary • FACSIMILE A machine that transmits electronic representations of documents, pictures, maps, etc., to a distant location, producing a hard copy of the transmittal. • DOWNLOADING Copying files (e-mail,software, documents) from a remote computer to your own computer • FILE TRANSFER Is a popular Internet protocol that enables a user to access files on a remote computer and to move files between two computers across a network such as the internet • E-MAIL (Electronic mail) Electronic preparation and delivery of messages, documents, or images: the storage and forwarding of text • INTERNET A world-wide computer network that connects several thousands of businesses, school, research foundations, individuals, and other networks. Anyone with access can log on, communicate via e-mail, and search for various types of information • COOKIE Refers to a piece of information sent by a Web Sever to a Web Browser. The information might contain information such as login or registration information, online "shopping cart" information, user preferences, etc

7. Amazing facts • 1.Google estimated in 2010, that the data size of the Internet is 5 million Terabytes, 61% from videos, and growing rapidly. Google has the largest index of the Internet out of any company, but claims to have scanned only 0.004% of the total • 2.There’s an estimated 637 million websites (source), of which there are over 250 million blogs. • 3.About 250 billion emails are sent every day. • 4.The first spam message sent to multiple recipients was sent in 1978 for DEC System 2020. The 600 recipients were not pleased to receive it. • Garfield the cartoon cat once offered a free email service. Can you guess the domain name? It was gmail.com, later acquired by Google.

8. facts • On August 6, 1991, the first website http://info.cern.ch went online. • It is believed that a turning point in the history of the World Wide Web began with the launch of the Mosaic web browser in 1993. It was a graphical browser developed by a team at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois. Mosaic is the web browser credited with popularizing the World Wide Web. • If you dislike Internet users being addressed to as 'surfers', blame Jean Armour Polly. It was she who coined the term "Surfing the Internet". • Berners-Lee uploaded the first photo on the Web in 1992. That was an image of the CERN house band Les HorriblesCernettes.

9. Internet Safety Tips • . Do not give out personal information • If you receive information you do not understand or makes you feel uncomfortable inform your parents or teacher. • Never meet someone face - to - face (FTF) that you have met on the Internet or have them visit you. • Never send a photo of yourself or your family to a person you have met on the Internet. • If you receive an instant message (IM) or an email that you are uncomfortable with , inform a parent. • Have a family meeting to set rules for the computer and Internet use. • Do not choose a password that a person could guess. Such as your pet's name, your favorite band or sport team. • Except for your parents, never give out your password - even to your best friend. • Make sure you personally know everyone on your buddy list or in your network. • Privacy and the Internet do not go hand in hand. If someone is persistent, they can find anything they want - keep what you posted - FOREVER.

10. Internet Safety Part 2 • Be a netizen = a good online citizen. • Do not do anything that could cost money unless you receive parental permission. • Do not fill out information to win something for free. • Do not click on pop-up ads. They might install spyware, adware, or malware on your computer. • Do not believe everything you see or read on the web. • Do not download or install pirated songs, movies, software, or video games. • Inform an adult if someone harasses you or want to talk about sex. • Be careful of strangers who try to turn against your family while promising to be your best friend. (BF) • Remember people online may not be who they say they are. Someone who says they are 13 years old could really be a 43 year old. • If you have not had a FACE - TO - FACE meeting with the person you have been communicating with online, then you DO NOT KNOW THAT PERSON.

11. List of Alternative Web Browsers • Operahas managed to weather the browser wars since its original release in 1996. Constantly innovating, this browser is now a full-fledged Internet suite with web, e-mail, news (usenet and RSS) and chat with a wealth of features for new switchers and power users alike. Opera also provides a mobile web browser, Opera Mini. In addition to Android and iOS, Opera Mini runs on most Java-capable devices, bringing the web to even low-end mobile phones. You can sync your bookmarks between Opera Mini and the desktop version of Opera using Opera Link. Firefox Mozilla Firefox has been the most successful alternative web browser since the “browser wars” ended. The flagship product of the Mozilla Foundation traces its lineage back to the original Netscape. Firefox was designed for simplicity, security, and extensibility, with hundreds of extensions available. The Mozilla Thunderbird mail & news client is a perfect companion. Both applications are open-source. Safari Apple stunned the world in 2003 when they announced this browser for Mac OS X. It became so popular with Mac users that Microsoft stopped developing IE for the Mac! Safari is designed for elegance and speed, and is now both the default browser on the Mac and the most popular Macintosh browser. Starting with version 3, Safari is also available for Windows. • Google Chrome In 2008, Google stripped down the web browser to its essentials and rethought basic assumptions about what a browser should do. Focused on enhanced performance for web applications, Chrome stays out of your way and lets you focus on the web itself. Chrome uses the Web Kit engine (like Safari) and is similar to the default web browser on the Android mobile phone platform.

12. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet • http://netforbeginners.about.com/od/internet101/f/the_difference_between_internet_and_web.htm • http://quizlet.com/5580363/internet-vocabulary-terms-flash-cards/ • http://www.factmonster.com/ipka/A0193167.html • http://www.inscribd.com/21-amazing-facts-about-the-internet/#axzz2WZjgl0Wz • http://websafety4kids.org/Internet-Safety-Tips.php • http://alternativebrowseralliance.com/browsers.html