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U.S. and WWII

From Neutrality to Intervention. U.S. and WWII. “Good Neighbor Policy”. Roosevelt Announced during his inaugural address (1933) We would oppose armed intervention in Latin American affairs In response to increasing tensions/conflicts We will “respect the rights of others”.

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U.S. and WWII

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  1. From Neutrality to Intervention U.S. and WWII

  2. “Good Neighbor Policy” Roosevelt Announced during his inaugural address (1933) We would oppose armed intervention in Latin American affairs In response to increasing tensions/conflicts We will “respect the rights of others”

  3. “This nation will remain a neutral nation, but I cannot ask that every American remain neutral in thought as well.” - Franklin Roosevelt, 1939

  4. Neutrality Tested No question that U.S. favored Allied Powers What would it take for the U.S. to assist them? At the very least, Roosevelt believed we should make armaments available to Allied armies

  5. Neutrality Acts (1935-36-37) • Only trade non-military goods with nations at war • President to warn Americans from travelling in hostile waters • (1937) “Cash-and-Carry” Policy

  6. Lend-Lease Agreement (1941) The U.S. could lend or lease armaments “to any nation deemed pivotal to the defense of the United States.” They would be returned after the war

  7. The Atlantic Charter, Aug.1941 Called for “certain common principles” on which to base “a better future for the world.” Openly called for “the final destruction of the Nazi tyranny.” Statement of war aims?

  8. $$$ War Spending $$$ 1941 Budget $9 Billion GNP $91 Billion Debt $49 Billion 1945 $100 Billion $166 Billion $259 Billion

  9. Zoot-suits

  10. Native-American Soldiers

  11. ***See WWII in the Pacific PPT Notes here • Then, return here to see the end of the war in Europe. Remember, it isn’t until 1944 that the U.S., British, Australian, and Canadian forces retake France.

  12. D-Day Invasion June 6, 1944 – Invasion to retake France Thousands of planes, ships, tanks, landing craft, and 3.5 million troops American, Canadian, French and British forces Among the Americans alone, 3,000 died

  13. June 6, 1944 – D-Day • Aug 25, 1944 – Paris Liberated • By September – France, Belgium, and Luxemburg Liberated • Dec 44-Jan 45 - Battle of the Bulge • May 7, 1945 – Victory in Europe (VE) Day • General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich

  14. Yalta Conference • Early Feb 1945, Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt met • Decided upon unconditional surrender for Germany • 4 Occupation zones • demilitarization • Soviet Union would enter war with Japan • 3 months after the fighting in Europe ended • Stalin would join the newly formed United Nations

  15. Dresden, Germany February 13, 1945 4,000 tons of explosives dropped 35,000 – 135,000 dead • Strategic, or payback for blitz?

  16. Hitler greeting his “soldiers” in Berlin, April 20, 1945

  17. Berlin Falls May 2, 1945 (VE Day May 8)

  18. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/World_War_II_Casualties.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d1/World_War_II_Casualties.svg

  19. United Nations June, 1945 50 nations signed the UN Charter which pledged “to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war.”

  20. The Security Council is made up of 15 member states, consisting of 5 permanent members–China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States–and 10 non-permanent members

  21. War in the Pacific ends • July 26, 1945 – Potsdam Declaration issued • August 6 – First bomb dropped on Hiroshima • August 8 – Soviet Union invades Manchuria • August 9 – Second bomb dropped on Nagasaki • August 15 – Emperor Hirohito gives radio address declaring acceptance of Potsdam Declaration terms - (VJ, Victory over Japan Day) • September 2 – Japan surrenders in Tokyo Harbor to General Douglas MacArthur

  22. Truman Doctrine 1947 • U.S. must help “free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” • Offer of financial and military support to Greece and Turkey (prevent instability) • Beginning of “containment” philosophy

  23. Marshall Plan June 1947(European Recovery Program) • Sec. Of State George Marshall • We will offer financial aid to countries in Europe who want it • Equal aid was offered to the Soviet Union

  24. Basketball reads: “European Recovery.” Caption: “Can he [Stalin] block it?”

  25. The Second Red Scare / McCarthyism • Berlin Blockade (led to Airlift in 1948/49) • Russia Detonates Bomb 1949 • Communist Victory in China (1949) • Korean War 1950-53 • Espionage + Subversion • -Hiss Case • -Ethel & Julius Rosenberg • Partisan Politics

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