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Technical Options to HFCs for Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC)

Technical Options to HFCs for Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC). David S. Godwin, P.E. U.S. EPA. Indo-US Workshop on Hydrofluorocarbons 18 February 2011. CFC-12 in MAC: A Long History. 1928: Synthesized by Midgley , Henne & McNary 1931: First fluorocarbon to be commercialized

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Technical Options to HFCs for Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC)

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  1. Technical Options to HFCs for Mobile Air Conditioning (MAC) David S. Godwin, P.E. U.S. EPA Indo-US Workshop on Hydrofluorocarbons 18 February 2011

  2. CFC-12 in MAC: A Long History • 1928: Synthesized by Midgley, Henne & McNary • 1931: First fluorocarbon to be commercialized • 1940s: Wide use in many applications • Non-flammable, low toxicity, good refrigeration properties • 1974: CFC-12 can deplete the ozone layer • 1987: Montreal Protocol • 1996/2010: Phased out globally • Today: Some CFC-12 MACs still operating

  3. HFC-134a in MAC: A Success Story • Proposed as the logical alternative • Non-flammable, low toxicity, good refrigeration properties • Similar performance to CFC-12 • Adopted for MACs by 1992; quick transition • by 1995 in U.S.; now global • Much lower GWP (1430 v. 10900) • Engineering improvements increase global benefits • Smaller charge sizes, lower leak rates, less maintenance

  4. Opportunities beyond HFC-134a • Emissions continue to rise • Mandatory phase-out in the EU (GWP<150) • 2011: new models • 2017: all cars • Many alternatives available • HFC-152a, CO2, HFO-1234yf • Opportunity for others

  5. Alternatives to HFC-134a in MAC • All options: Ozone-safe, good refrigeration properties, safety issues managed through good design • HFC-152a (GWP=124) • HFO-1234yf (GWP=4) • CO2 / R-744 (GWP=1) • Hydrocarbons? • Other HFOs? • Blends? Future Options Present HFC-134a Past CFC-12

  6. Thank You • Contact Information: Dave Godwin U.S. Environmental Protection Agency +1-202-343-9324 Godwin.Dave@epa.gov • Alternatives in MACs Fact Sheet (www.epa.gov/ozone/downloads/EPA_HFC_MVAC.pdf) • Acceptable alternatives in the U.S. (www.epa.gov/ozone/snap)

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