Today’s Goals

1. Today’s Goals Concepts • I want you to understand the difference between • Data • Information • Knowledge • Intelligence

2. Today’s Goals Concepts • I want you to understand the difference between • Accuracy • Precision • Reliability • as they pertain to data and information

3. Today’s Goals Learn about • System concepts and modeling • information system concepts • Importance of feedback in streamlining systems • Importance of people in Information Systems

4. Chapter 1 Highlights • What exactly are these things • a management information system (MIS) • a database management system (DBMS) • a transaction processing system (TPS) • a workflow system • an enterprise resource planning system (ERP) • a decision support system (DSS) • an expert system

5. Data vs. Information • Data: raw facts • Information: collection of facts organized in such a way that they have value beyond the facts themselves

6. Data vs. Information • Excel example

7. Knowledge • Awareness of information • Understanding information enough to perform a task or make a decision.

8. Intelligence • While knowledge can help you complete a task or make a decision, Intelligence helps you figure out • which tasks to complete or • which decisions you should be making. • which questions you should be asking. • For example, • you might NOT know how to write a SQL subtraction query (i.e., you lack knowledge of SQL) • but you know the type of task that should be done to streamline your processing.

9. What comes first? • Some people are incredibly knowledgeable in certain areas and seem to make intelligent decisions in a familiar system. Is this really intelligence? • Some people are incredibly intelligent but lack the necessary knowledge to operate in an unfamiliar system? • Does intelligence derive from knowledge or vice versa? • What do you think?

10. Characteristics of Valuable Data • Accurate – how close are you to being correct, truthful • Complete – anything missing? • Economical – how much does this data cost? • Flexible – data serves a variety of purposes • Reliable – How is this different than accurate?

11. Characteristics of Valuable Data • Simple – will the data be overwhelming? • Timely – will I get it in time? • Verifiable – how do I know its accurate? • Accessible – here is where the WWW comes in? • Secure – protect data from the bad guys.

12. VS. Accuracy vs. Reliability vs. Precision • Q: How much inventory do we have? • Truth: $55,730.57 worth. • A1: Between $55,000 and $56,000 worth • A2: $53,945.89 worth

13. Reliability • Two different aspects. • How often is the data accurate? • How often is accurate data available? • A source of data could be unreliable • because it is occasionally wrong, or • because it is occassionally unavailable.

14. Systems

15. Systems

16. Information System • Just like any system but • Information is the Input and Output.

17. System Characteristics Improve your technical vocabulary • Simple  Complex • Open  Closed • Stable  Dynamic • Adaptive  Non-adaptive (static) • Permanent   Temporary

18. Effectiveness • Measure of how much a system met its goals. • System Performance Standards

19. Feedback • Feedback might be the most crucial component of an Information System • What is feedback exactly?

20. Feedback • Output used to make changes to the input and processing components. • Sometimes, feedback can even tell you that your Information System is failing and should be massively re-engineered.

21. People • Modern computer-based Information Systems consist of Hardware, Software, Databases, Networks, and People! • Duh, right? • Not so intuitive is the fact that People are the most important component. • Because of the Intelligence Feedback connection.

22. Mass Mailing • Old System 18,000 Names & Address (XLS) Emailed from Alumni assoc. Import & Mail merged 18,000 Formatted Labels (DOC) 18,000 Label Stickers (Paper) Printing $250/year maintenance$1600 printer $0.80 per letter Prune 1000 labelsExclude list100+ hours of labor 17,000 Letters (Paper)

23. Mass Mailing • Current System 18,000 Names & Address (XLS) Emailed from Alumni assoc. Import into Access Exclude List1,000 DB entries Alumni List18,000 DB entries SQL Subtraction Query Exported & Sent directly to Mailing House ($0.60 per letter) Updated as we get back hate mail 17,000 DB entries

24. Mass Mailing Continuous Feedback to Alumni Assoc. • New System Emailed from Alumni assoc. Exclude List1,000 DB entries 17,000 Names & Address (XLS) Excel file sent direct to mailing house.

25. Information Systems • What are the differences between these things: • a database management system (DBMS) • a transaction processing system (TPS) • a workflow system • a management information system (MIS) • an enterprise resource planning system (ERP) • a decision support system (DSS) • an expert system

26. DBMS • Organizes your data. • Handles implementation issues • How will the data be stored? • How will the data be structured? • How will the data be connected (relationships) • Examples: Access, Oracle • Main goal: Storage of Data

27. TPS • Paper  Digital • Manual  Automated • Handles implementation issues • How will transactions be recorded? • How often? • Who is involved? • Main goal: Capturing Data • May have a DBMS inside.

28. Workflow Systems • Integrates TPS data to help stream-line or improve tasks or processes. • Helps with organizational issues • Can two tasks be combined? • Is a task even necessary? • How can steps be simplified? • Main goal: Streamlining Tasks or Processes

29. MIS • Provides information (not data) to managers • Helps with decisions • Who is our best customer? • What is our greatest expense? • Are we making a profit? • Main goal: Transforming data to information, i.e., reporting. • MIS systems are often feed data through TPS and DBMS systems • Example: Banner.

30. ERP • Companies might have separate MIS systems for different operational divisions • (payroll, shipping, R&D, etc.) • ERP systems seek to combine all of these systems into managerial super-system. • Enterprise implies a huge multi-site, global organization. • Main goal: Streamlining workflow for a whole company and integrating data from all business operations. • Example: PeopleSoft,

31. DSS • Similar to an ERP, i.e., information from different operational divisions is integrated.

32. DSS • However, unlike ERP, DSS includes a collection of models used to support decision making, i.e., models of the best business practices. • Managers often play a role in developing DSS to customize it to a particular enterprise. • MIS and ERP system provide information to help managers “do things the right way” • DSS system help managers “do the right thing.”

33. Expert Systems • Use artificial intelligence and machine learning to help make decisions automatically. • Unlike DSS, expert systems try to remove human decision making by building “intelligence” into the system. • DSS systems merely provide information about different alternative so that a human can make the final decision.

34. feedback MISHow is data transformed into information data Workflow SystemIs there a better way to capture, store, and transform data DBMSHow is data stored TSPHow is data captured

35. ERP MIS DBMS TSP MIS DBMS TSP MIS DBMS TSP