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Parallelism

Parallelism. Logical vs. Grammatical Parallelism. Logical Parallelism: The items are of equal value and importance e.g. group nouns are of the same classification. Grammatical Parallelism:

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Parallelism

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  1. Parallelism

  2. Logical vs. Grammatical Parallelism Logical Parallelism: • The items are of equal value and importance e.g. group nouns are of the same classification Grammatical Parallelism: • The same part of speech is used when a coordinating conjunction is used to link words in a series of two or more. Incorrect:  The types of people at the rally included Asians, African Americans, and women. Correct:  The types of people at the rally included Asians, African Americans, and Native Americans. Incorrect: I go to the store, and I bought bread.Correct: I went to the store, and I bought bread. Source: Jones, D. (n.d.) Lynchburg College: Parallelism. Retrieved 6 Jan 2009 from http://www.lynchburg.edu/x2527.xml

  3. Parallelism • Is important in listing, comparing and contrasting items or ideas. • Means each item in such lists or comparisons has the same grammatical structure Engineering graduates should possess the following abilities when they enter the workforce: thinking critically, working independently, and communicating effectively. The parallel grammatical structure in this list is the gerund

  4. What are the parallel structures? Nitrogen, oxygen and argon are the three main types of gases in the earth’s atmosphere. All passengers boarding the plane were instructed to check their passports before and after clearing customs. During the lab session, the technician demonstrated the use of the equipment and informed the students about the properties of the chemicals.

  5. What are the parallel structures? Nitrogen, oxygen, and argon are three main gases on the earth’s atmosphere. – nouns All passengers boarding the plane were instructed to check their passports before and after clearing customs. – logical parallelism with adverb clause “clearing customs” not being repeated During the lab session, the technician demonstrated the use of the equipment and informed the students about the properties of the chemicals. – verb clauses

  6. Parallelism with Coordinators Words, phrases and clauses joined by and, or, and but are written in the parallel form. All passengers boarding the flyer could carry their small bags orleave them at the counter. The technicians possess the skillsbut not the knowledge to handle the latest machines.

  7. Parallelism with Correlative Coordinators The parallel form is used with correlative conjunctions like both…and, either…or, neither…nor and not only…but also. New laws may be needed both to regulate the use of pesticides and to dispose of them. If neither industry nor the public are concerned about waste disposal, future generations will suffer. It is not only important for the public to understand the importance of recycling, but also to embrace it .

  8. Common Errors • Not only is he intelligent and lucid. X • Neither lead is a gas. X • A new office is needed to both cope with the expansion. X • I play tennis and judo. X

  9. Correct Answers

  10. Sources Jones, D. (n.d.) Lynchburg College: Parallelism. Retrieved 6 Jan 2009 from http://www.lynchburg.edu/x2527.xml Lane, A. and Lange, E. (1999). Writing Clearly: An Editing Guide (2nd ed.). Boston: Heinle and Heinle Publishers, 131-143. Oshima, A. and Hogue, A. (2006). Writing Academic English (4th ed.). New York: Pearson Education, 179-183.

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