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History: Pioneers of Animation

Explore the history of animation through the groundbreaking works of J. Stuart Blackton, Winsor McCay, John Bray, Max Fleischer, and Walt Disney. Learn about their contributions and innovations that shaped the animation industry.

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History: Pioneers of Animation

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  1. History:Pioneers of Animation Dr. Midori Kitagawa University of Texas at Dallas Arts and Technology Program

  2. History: Pioneers of animation • J. Stuart Blackton(1875-1941) • Winsor McCay (1867-1934) • John Bray (1874-1978) • Max Fleischer (1883-1972) • Walt Disney (1901-1966)

  3. J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) Father of animation • In 1896 as a reporter/artist for the New York Evening World newspaper, Blackton interviewed Thomas Edison • Became a "rapid-drawing cartoonist" for a series of Edison shorts.

  4. J. Stuart Blackton (1875-1941) Combined stop motion, puppetry, and live action • Enchanted Drawing, 1900 • Humorous Phases of Fanny Faces, 1906

  5. Winsor McCay (1867-1934) Father of character animation • Already well known for his newspaper cartoons “Little Nemo”, 1905-1914

  6. Winsor McCay (1867-1934) Gave believability and personality to his hand-drawn characters • Gertie the Dinosaur, 1914 • Sinking of Lusitania, 1916

  7. John Randolph Bray (1874-1978) Founder of the animation industry • Reporter for the Detroit Evening News, 1901- • In 1914 Bray’s partner Earl Hurd patented the use of clear cels over background • Hurd and Bray formed the Hurd and Bray Patent Company in 1914

  8. John Randolph Bray (1874-1978) Turned artistic work into an assembly-line production • With additional patents obtained by Bray, the company monopolized the animation process • The patents expired in 1932 • Much of what Bray claimed to have invented have been credited to McCay and others. • Colonel Heeza Liar’s, 1913

  9. Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Inventor of the rotoscope • A cartoonist and photographer for the Brooklyn Daily Eagle • Art director for the magazine Popular Science • Worked at Bray’s studio

  10. Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Rotoscope • Traces the movement of live actors, frame by frame

  11. Max Fleischer (1883-1972) Produced the first animation with a synchronized sound track in 1924 • Fleischer studio produced Betty Boop, Popeye, and Superman cartoon series • Affected by the Hays Code in 1934 • Tantalizing Fly, 1919 1933 1935

  12. Walt Disney (1901-1966) Inventor of the family entertainment • Film producer, director, screen writer, voice actor, animator, entrepreneur • Greatly influenced 20th century American culture

  13. Walt Disney (1901-1966) Father of Mickey Mouse • Steamboat Willie (1928) was not the first Mickey Mouse cartoon produced or released • Not the first sound cartoon either • The first sound cartoon that achieved wide commercial success

  14. History: Pioneers of animation • “Disney’s memory belongs to the public; Max’s to those who remember him by choice.” (Heraldson, 1975)

  15. Midori Kitagawa, Ph.D. midori@utdallas.edu

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