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RTD

Residence time distibution

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RTD

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  1. RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION

  2. CONTENT PAGE Introduction Background Literature review Apparatus Experimental procedure Results Discussion Error Analysis Conclusion Recommendations

  3. INTRODUCTION Task Determine which reactor is most efficient to be used in Professor Van Steen research group project AIM Use tracer studies to determine the mixing characteristics of the reactors. Use the Dispersion and Tank-In-Series model to describe how the reactors deviate from ideality. Investigate the performance of PFR,PBR and CSTR using the given reaction data.

  4. BACKGROUND Flow reactors are typically designed under the assumption that the flow pattern within the reactor is ideal. Residence time is the average time that the species spend in a reactor.

  5. TRACER SELECTION • RTD is determined experimentally by injecting an inert chemical (Tracer) into the reactor. • The tracer should: • Nonreactive species that is easily detectable • Have physical properties similar to those of the reacting mixture • Be completely soluble in the mixture. • The most used methods of injection are pulse input and step input. • Tracer used in this practical is Potassium Chloride solution (KCl)

  6. MEASUREMENT OF RTD

  7. IDEAL BEHAVIOUR CSTR Normally operated at steady state and is assumed to be perfectly mixed Every variable is the same at every point within the reactor. In cases where mixing is highly non-ideal, the well-mixed model is inadequate. PFR Operated at steady and no back- mixing occurs within the reactor. Concentration varies continuously in the axial direction through the reactor. There is no radial variation in reaction rate. PBR Reaction occurs at the surface of the catalyst

  8. NON-IDEAL BEHAVIOUR Dispersion model The parameter used is the dispersion coefficient Da. Dispersion coefficient  Peclet number

  9. 2. Tank-In-Series model The parameter used in n, i.e. the number of tanks

  10. APPARATUS A plug flow reactor A packed bed reactor Stirred tank reactor Rotameter Stop watch Tracer (Potassium chloride solution) Syringe Conductivity meter coupled to PC

  11. EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP

  12. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

  13. RESULTS

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