literature freview

1. LITERATURE REVIEW Literature Review is a critical and evaluative account of what has been published on a chosen research topic. The purpose of review of literature is to summaries, synthesize and analyze the arguments of others. Researcher should describe and analyze the knowledge that exists and what gaps occur in research related to your field of interest. In other words this should clarify the relationship between your own research and the work that has previously been done. It should reveal similarities and differences, consistencies and inconsistencies and controversies in previous research. 1. PURPOSE contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

2. 2. STRUCTURE A literature review is organized around ideas, not the sources themselves as an annotated bibliography would be organized. You should assess previous studies and discuss their strengths and weaknesses. You also have to think about which themes and issues your sources have in common. A review is a detailed interrogation of the literature underpinning a research topic. The term interrogation has a specific meaning and involves a critical examination of sources not only from a range of theoretical perspectives but also in terms of the definitions and methodologies underpinning those sources, linked to their importance for the research study. LITERATURE REVIEW contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

3. 2. STRUCTURE (cont’d) With increased globalization and the growing internationalization of student experience, some but not all variations are diminishing. The interplay between critical reading and critical review writing can understandably generate anxiety, especially among those new to research in education. Although some academics in education may not always provide the most appropriate role models to follow, especially in relation to such challenges, it is the critical literature review that lies at the heart of academic inquiry and is rooted in critical engagement with the published discourse of significant 'others' in education and education research. The term 'critical' is therefore central to interpretation of literature review. LITERATURE REVIEW contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

4. 3. STAGES IN LITERATURE REVIEW • There are five stages in literature review: • Find Models • Problem formulation – which topic is under consideration and what are the constituent issues? • Literature search • Evaluation of findings • Analysis and interpretation of literature LITERATURE REVIEW contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

5. LITERATURE REVIEW Look for other literature reviews in your discipline and read them to get an idea of the types of themes you might want to include in your research or ways in which you could organise your final review. You can do a database search to find models – put the words “literature review” along with your keywords to retrieve references to articles of this type Find Models You should try to construct a working statement that will form the basis of your literature review. The statement does not have to argue for a position or an opinion. It will rather argue for a particular slant on the material. Problem Formulations contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

6. LITERATURE REVIEW • The literature search will help you identify scope and key issues. Efficient searching will help you: • Identify which authors are interested in your specialism and those who take a generalist’s view. • Trace authors who are prominent in your subject and who can help you justify the importance of your research idea. • Include the authors would or could • contradict your ideas. Literature search contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

7. LITERATURE REVIEW Reading research articles is different from other types of reading. You must develop a good understanding of the research literature to be able to write a competent literature review. Understanding the literature requires you to read, re-read and assimilate complex ideas. Read the easier articles first: Difficult or badly written articles will probably be easier to understand if you read them last when you have gained familiarity with your subject. Scan the article: For the preliminary scan, don’t read the articles closely so as to avoid getting mired in detail. It may help to note down the key points for each article. Evaluation of findings contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

8. LITERATURE REVIEW • When reading you should keep the following in mind: • What are the authors’ academic reputations? • Identify the research question and the specific hypotheses, the findings and how the findings were interpreted. • Are the author’s objective or does their work appears to have a particular bias? • Is contrary data considered and discussed or is it ignored? Evaluation of findings contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

9. LITERATURE REVIEW After you have an idea of the main ideas in each article, identify the precise methods used and the theories tested. When you are comparing the work of a number of researchers some of whom have a different take on the problems of the research question, you will need to have an in-depth understanding of their work. A close reading may reveal differences in theoretical outlook. How do different authors cite the same work?. One author may explain the method of an earlier study, describe its results in great detail and cite it repeatedly while another may give it only a passing reference. Allow enough time: Before you can write about your research project you must have evaluated the existing literature properly so do allow yourself sufficient time to do this. 5. Analysis and interpretation of the literature contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

10. LITERATURE REVIEW • Number of articles reviewed: Published review articles may contain more than a hundred studies. You may wish to consult your supervisor about how far you should go back in time and how many articles you want to include. • Organization: There are a number of different approaches to organizing a literature review so again do consult your supervisor before beginning the work. You could use the following method: • Introduce your research question (what it is, why it is worth examining) • Narrow research question to the studies discussed • Briefly outline the organization of the paper. If there is a major controversy, describe it and explain that you will present research supporting one side and then the other. 6. Writing the Literature Review contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

11. LITERATURE REVIEW • Or, • if three methodologies have been used to address a question, briefly describe them and say that you will compare the results obtained by the three methods • Describe studies in detail • Compare and evaluate studies • Discuss the implications of the studies and how you intend to build on them 6. Writing the Literature Review contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

12. LITERATURE REVIEW • Or, if three methodologies have been used to address a question, briefly describe them and say that you will compare the results obtained by the three methods • Describe studies in detail • Compare and evaluate studies • Discuss the implications of the studies and how you intend to build on them 6. Writing the Literature Review (cont’d) contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com

13. LITERATURE REVIEW Discuss what you have learned from reviewing literature so far and where the research lead? After reading your review your reader should be convinced that your proposed research project will play a necessary role in furthering knowledge in your field. 7. Conclusions/ Recommendations contact us: sampooornadiksha@gmail.com © www.sampoornadiksha.com