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Overview of States’ Experiences with RPS Policies. Sanya Carley 25% by 2025: Michigan’s Renewable Energy Ballot Proposition Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy October 17, 2012.
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Overview of States’ Experiences with RPS Policies Sanya Carley 25% by 2025: Michigan’s Renewable Energy Ballot Proposition Center for Local, State, and Urban Policy October 17, 2012
Source of Image: Carley, S., with Browne, T. 2012 (Forthcoming). Innovative US Energy Policy: What Has Worked? WIREs: Energy and Environment.
RPS Variation Source of Image (modified): NC Solar Center, www.dsireusa.org.
RPS Adoption Source of Image: Wiser R, Namovicz C, Gielecki M, Smith R. 2007. The experience with renewable portfolio standards in the United States. Electricity Journal 20(4): 8–20.
RPS Stringency Source of Image: Carley, S., Miller, C. 2012 (Forthcoming). Regulatory stringency and policy adoption: Reassessment of renewable portfolio standards. Policy Studies Journal.
RPS Design Trends • Revisions are common • Average renewable mandate and stringency increasing over time • Increased used of exceptions • Increased use of carve-outs and credit multipliers • Expansion of resource eligibility
RPS Compliance • Data include states with self-reported compliance reports and filings • Others note that some states are not on track to meet mandates Source of Data: NC Solar Center, http://www.dsireusa.org/rpsdata/index.cfm
Renewable Energy Development Source of Image: Wiser, R., Barbose, G., Holt, E., 2011. Supporting solar power in renewables portfolio standards: Experience from the United States. Energy Policy 39(7), 3894-3905.
Electricity Price Effects • Meta-analysis of 31 state cost projections: • Over half project increases between 0 and 1% • 6 project cost savings • 10 project rate increases >1% Source of Image: Chen, C, Wiser, R, Bolinger, M. 2009. Weighing the costs and benefits of renewables portfolio standards: A comparative analysis of state-level policy impact projections. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13: 552-556.
Job Effects • Renewable energy sector creates more jobs than the fossil fuel industry per unit of energy produced • A national RPS of 30% with some annual energy efficiency savings can generate over 4 million job-years Source of research findings: Wei M, Patadia S, Kammen DM. 2010. Putting renewables and energy efficiency to work: How many jobs can the clean energy industry generate in the US? Energy Policy 38: 919–31.
RPS Implementation Challenges • Intermittency • New renewable capacity must be 3-4 times greater than displaced fossil fuel to avoid supply disruptions • Transmission and siting • Renewable energy often requires new transmission line development, which often causes siting delays Source of research finding: Lafrancois, BA. 2010. Investment in intermittent renewables under a renewable electricity standard. United States Association for Energy Economics Dialogue 18 (1).
Contact Information: Sanya Carley Assistant Professor School of Public and Environmental Affairs Indiana University scarley@indiana.edu 812-856-0920