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Light vs depth

Light vs depth. Productivity vs depth. Productivity vs Light. PG – Gross Primary Productivity PN – Net Primary Productivity R - Respiration Pmax – maximal photosynthesis value Ic – compensation light intensity. Found near Upwelling Areas. Primary Productivity. SeaWifs Satellite.

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Light vs depth

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  1. Light vs depth

  2. Productivity vs depth

  3. Productivity vs Light PG – Gross Primary Productivity PN – Net Primary Productivity R - Respiration Pmax – maximal photosynthesis value Ic – compensation light intensity

  4. Found near Upwelling Areas Primary Productivity SeaWifs Satellite

  5. Found near Upwelling Areas Primary Productivity SeaWifs Satellite

  6. Nutrients Found near Upwelling Areas Primary Productivity

  7. Coastal Upwelling Areas Primary Productivity South Africa: southwest coast

  8. Equitorial Upwelling Areas Primary Productivity

  9. Primary Productivity

  10. Protists - Zooplankton • Foraminifera (Forams) • Test (shell) made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) or agglutinated sediment particles • Fossil tests used to age geological deposits • Feed by extending pseudopodia through pores in test • Pelagic forms (calcareous) • Often have spines • Tests may form foraminiferan oozes, esp. in shallow water beneath tropics (white cliffs of Dover – England) • Benthic forms (calcareous or agglutinated) • Calcareous tests can be important sources of sand for beaches

  11. Protists - Zooplankton • Foraminifera (Forams) Southern England: White Cliffs of Dover

  12. Protists - Zooplankton • Foraminifera (Forams)

  13. Protists - Zooplankton • Foraminifera (Forams) http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/imagelibrary/orbulinauniversa.html http://www.ucl.ac.uk/GeolSci/micropal/foram.html

  14. Protists - Zooplankton • Radiolarians

  15. Protists - Zooplankton • Ciliates (Ciliophores)

  16. Seaweed & Kelp

  17. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Green Algae (Chlorophytes) • Enteromorpha • Often found in polluted areas; Used as bioassay tool • Ulva (Sea Lettuce) • Found in areas with high nutrient levels • Valonia (Bubble Algae) • Tropical and subtropical • Caulerpa • Invasive species (C. taxifolia) • Codium (Dead Man’s Fingers) • Multinucleated • Halimeda • Calcareous alga Ulva Caulerpa Valonia

  18. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Green Algae (Chlorophytes) • Enteromorpha • Often found in polluted areas; Used as bioassay tool • Ulva (Sea Lettuce) • Found in areas with high nutrient levels • Valonia (Bubble Algae) • Tropical and subtropical • Caulerpa • Invasive species (C. taxifolia) • Codium (Dead Man’s Fingers) • Multinucleated • Halimeda • Calcareous alga Codium Halimeda

  19. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Fucus (Rockweeds) • Intertidal and subtidal species; Ecologically important • Laminaria (Kelp) • Some species consist of a single blade • Commonly used for food • Postelsia (Sea Palm) • Usually on exposed rocky shorelines Laminaria Padina Laminaria Fucus Sargassum

  20. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta)

  21. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Egregia (Feather Boa) • Common on rocky Pacific coast • Pelagophycus (Elk Kelp) • Large float

  22. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Macrocystis (Giant Kelp) • May reach 100 m and grow up to 50 cm day-1 • Most common in cold water

  23. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Macrocystis (Giant Kelp) • May reach 100 m and grow up to 50 cm day-1 • Most common in cold water

  24. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Brown Algae (Phaeophyta) • Kelp Forests

  25. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Red Algae (Rhodophyta) • Common in shallow water • Contain accessory pigments called phycobilins • Structurally less complex than brown algae • May be heterotrophic or parasitic • Some incorporate calcium carbonate into tissues (Why?) • Coralline red algae • Many are commercially important Sebdenia Porphyra Halimeda

  26. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Life History of Alga

  27. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Life History of Alga

  28. Multicellular Algae - Seaweed • Economic Uses of Kelp • Food Source • Products • Phycocolloids • Algin (Extracted from kelp; harvested with boats) • Carrageenan (Extracted from red algae) • Emulsifier for dairy products, toothpaste, puddings • Agar (Extracted from red algae) • Used to form jellies, thicken mixtures • Preserves, pharmaceutical applications • Other • Fertilizers, additives in animal feeds

  29. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Seagrasses (50 – 60 species) • Not true grasses (related to lilies) • Roots, stems and shoots grow from horizontal rhizome • Flowers typically small and inconspicuous (Why?)

  30. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Seagrasses (50 – 60 species) • Eelgrass (Zostera) – Temperate Atl, Pac; Tropical Pac Eelgrass (Zostera marina)

  31. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Seagrasses (50 – 60 species) • Surf grass (Phyllospadix) – Temperate Pac Surf Grass (Phyllospadix scouleri)

  32. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Seagrasses (50 – 60 species) • Turtle grass (Thalassia) – Tropical

  33. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Salt Marshes • Cord grass (Spartina) • Pickleweed (Salicornia) Spartina Salicornia

  34. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Salt Marshes • Cord grass (Spartina) • Pickleweed (Salicornia) Spartina Salicornia

  35. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Mangroves

  36. Flowering Plants (Angiosperms) • Mangroves vs Salt Marshes

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