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Chemical Mechanisms of Disease Resistance in Hawai’ian Corals

Chemical Mechanisms of Disease Resistance in Hawai’ian Corals Deborah Gochfeld 1 , Greta Aeby 2 , Jesse Miller 1 1 National Institute of Undersea Science and Technology, University of Mississippi 2 Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. Occurrence of infectious disease. Host. Environment.

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Chemical Mechanisms of Disease Resistance in Hawai’ian Corals

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  1. Chemical Mechanisms of Disease Resistance in Hawai’ian Corals Deborah Gochfeld1, Greta Aeby2, Jesse Miller1 1National Institute of Undersea Science and Technology, University of Mississippi 2Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology

  2. Occurrence of infectious disease Host Environment Pathogen

  3. Occurrence of infectious disease Antimicrobial defense Host Environment Pathogen

  4. Occurrence of infectious disease Antimicrobial defense Host Environment Pathogen

  5. Objectives • Assess differences in antimicrobial activity among three dominant Hawai’ian coral genera. • 2) Assess population-level variability in antimicrobial activity of common • coral species from three different sites. • 3) Assess differences in antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents • in healthy and diseased colonies of the same species. Pocillopora Porites Montipora

  6. General Methods Collect replicate pieces of three common coral genera (Montipora, Pocillopora, Porites) from three sites on Oahu Extract corals is aqueous solvents Test extracts in antimicrobial assays to determine genus- and population-level variability in antimicrobial activity

  7. Species of bacteria used to test coral extracts

  8. Progress Since May • Collected replicate corals from three sites around Oahu: Waianae, Maile • Beach, Kaneohe Bay • Extracted corals for assays • Porites lobata (n=5 from each of 3 sites) • Pocillopora meandrina (n=5 from each of 3 sites) • Montipora capitata (n=5 from each of 3 sites) • Collected and extracted healthy and diseased tissues from diseased • Montipora capitata from Kaneohe Bay, along with healthy neighbor • controls (n=5 of each) • Performed growth inhibition assay of all aqueous extracts from Porites • lobata and Pocillopora meandrina against 9 bacterial strains. • Performed growth inhibition assay on extracts from healthy, diseased • and control Montipora capitata from Kaneohe Bay to determine whether • further chemical fingerprinting is warranted

  9. Objectives • Assess differences in antimicrobial activity among dominant Hawai’ian coral genera. • 2) Assess population-level variability in antimicrobial activity of common • coral species from different sites. • 3) Assess differences in antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents • in healthy and diseased colonies of the same species.

  10. Anti-microbial activity of Hawaiian reef corals P. lobata N=15

  11. Anti-microbial activity of Hawaiian reef corals P. meandrina N=15

  12. Intraspecific variability in antimicrobial activity

  13. Intraspecific variability in antimicrobial activity

  14. Intraspecific variability in disease resistance in corals

  15. Objectives • Assess differences in antimicrobial activity among dominant Hawai’ian coral genera. • 2) Assess population-level variability in antimicrobial activity of common • coral species from different sites. • 3) Assess differences in antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents • in healthy and diseased colonies of the same species.

  16. Site differences in antimicrobial activity of corals

  17. Site differences in antimicrobial activity of corals

  18. land based pollution stress defense novel pathogens water flow inoculums repetitive exposure increased water temperature Site differences in antimicrobial activity of corals

  19. Objectives • Assess differences in antimicrobial activity among dominant Hawai’ian coral genera. • 2) Assess population-level variability in antimicrobial activity of common • coral species from different sites. • 3) Assess differences in antimicrobial activity and chemical constituents • in healthy and diseased colonies of the same species. Montipora white syndrome

  20. Comparison of antimicrobial activity in healthy vs. diseased colonies Montipora white syndrome Healthy neighbor Higher levels of antimicrobials? Induced defenses?

  21. Effect of extracts from healthy & diseased Montipora capitata on growth of bacteria

  22. Host Environment Pathogen Conclusions Broad spectrum antimicrobial activity Intraspecific variability Differences within coral species among sites Differences between healthy and diseased colony

  23. Acknowledgements Collections (Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology) Megan Colwin Lian Zigterman Casper Lazet Sample Processing and Assays (University of Mississippi) Shellie Bailey Amy Katzenmeyer Lauren Wheeler

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