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Agenda. February Culture Projects Due Today (A2) To get: Baroque Music Listening/Question Sheet To do: Continue Baroque Visual Art Lecture Rembrandt/Ryusch/Vermeer Bernini Video Questions Music Lecture and listening practice.
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Agenda • February Culture Projects Due Today (A2) • To get: • Baroque Music Listening/Question Sheet • To do: • Continue Baroque Visual Art Lecture • Rembrandt/Ryusch/Vermeer • Bernini Video Questions • Music Lecture and listening practice
Opener - Baroque Artist Quiz (on your own paper; use your notes) • Name the four things that identify something as “Baroque” artwork. • Name the artist who created the statue, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa. • Rembrandt was known for always using what colors in his paintings? • T or F, Caravaggio was an upstanding citizen in Roman who never got into trouble with the law. • Identify the time period that came before the Baroque Period.
Rembrandt van Rijn • 1606-1669 • From Amsterdam/Netherlands • Mastered all popular subjects • Religious/historical themes from Italy • Daily life/people from Holland
Painter, draftsman, and etcher of the 17th century; the greatest artist of the Dutch school • luxurious brushwork, rich color, and a mastery of chiaroscuro (the use of light and shadow). • His drawings constitute a vivid record of contemporary Amsterdam. • influenced by the work of Caravaggio • 50 to 60 self-portraits.
Rembrandt • The Night Watch, 1642. • Multiple portraits - larger composition The Militia Company of Captain Frans Banning Cocq
Rachel Ruysch • 1664-1750 • Dutch • paintings for domestic interiors • Sold at craft markets • Flowers in a Vase (Why would Protestant artists paint still-lifes and landscape pictures?)
Johannes Vermeer • 1632-1675 • Dutch • Genre scenes • Master of light and color • Allegory of Painting • The Milkmaid
VOCABULARY Counterpoint: Type of compositional technique in whichtwo melodies combine to create the harmony, instead of one harmony and chords to accompany it.
VOCABULARY Fugue: A form of composition in which a theme or subject is introduced by one voice, and is imitated by other voices in succession. Only the first few notes of the subject are imitated exactly, then each voice deviates slightly until the next time it enters again with the subject. Generally the instruments or voices overlap and weave in and out of each other forming a continuous, tapestry-like texture.
VOCABULARY Improvisation: spontaneous performance of music without previous preparation or written notes. Improvisation can be seen in music of the Baroque era, where ornamentation and realization of figured bass was common.
VOCABULARY Figured bass: (basso continuo) The bass part -generally of a Baroque composition- that is marked so as to indicate the harmonies that should go with each note. Guitar ex. The bottom staff shows the figured bass, the Grand Staff above shows what the musician could play!
VOCABULARY Ornamentation: Decorative notes of short duration added to compositions to emphasize certain notes and to add flavor to the composition. Ornamentation is particularly prominent in the music of the Baroque era and is not limited to specific instruments, but may be performed on almost any instrument, including the voice.
VOCABULARY Genre: Style, manner (of music) Oratorio: Large scale dramatic composition with text usually based on religious subjects. Oratorios are performed by choruses and solo voices with an instrumental accompaniment, and are similar to operas but without costumes, scenery and actions. (cheaper!) The genre originated in the 17th century (Renaissance period) and developed to its peak during the Baroque period.
VOCABULARY Recitative: - a half-sung/half-spoken singing Aria -solo in the opera -character revealed his/her feelings Opera: A drama set to music, usually sung throughout, originating in 17th century Italy. Opera is a combination of music, drama, scenery, costumes, dance, etc., to create a complete art form. Opera became a very important vehicle for composers during the Baroque period.
Concerto: small group of instruments plays in concert, or conflict, with a larger orchestra Cantata: choral work for Lutheran worship Ritornello: something that returns or is repeated
George Frideric Handel • 1685-1759 • German, lived in England • Traveled Europe to learn music • Royal Academy of Music (1720) -failed within 10 years -bankrupt -saved career with the oratorio style
Messiah Contains pieces for the orchestraalone (e.g. overture), for soloists -Soprano, Contralto, Tenor, Bass (arias, duets), for choir (e.g. Hallelujah Chorus), and for combinations of the three. (play) solos for instrumentalists to show off their virtuosity It is tradition that whenever the Hallelujah Chorus is sung the audience stands
Johann Sebastian Bach • 1685-1750 • High point of Baroque Music • German • From a family of musicians (reunions?) • Masterpieces in every form except opera • Toccata and Fugue in D minor • Intro to Disney’s Fantasia
Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor • Listen to Bach’s Toccata and Fugue in D minor. As you answer the questions think of the terms below: • Excessive: Too much, a piece that is elaborate in some way • Contrast: compare or appraise in respect to differences • Tension: a balance maintained in an artistic work between opposing forces or elements • Energy: dynamic quality
Antonio Vivaldi 1678-1741 • Venice, Italy • master of the concerto • virtuoso violinist • Four Seasons -La Primavera (Spring Time) -Three movements with alternating tempos (fast, slow, fast) Ritornello!
Antonio Vivaldi 1678-1741developed the Concerto Ordained a priest and began working at the Ospedale della Pietà, orphanage for girls Developed an orchestra and vocal program that became famous all over Europe. Wrote in many genres:opera, oratorio, sonata, and mass pieces Concertos make him important in history virtuoso violinist raised standards for violin performance
Exit Slip • Which composer was known for being from a family of musicians? • Vivaldi originally composed difficult music for which instrument? • This is like an Opera but is cheaper and has no acting. • What is the “complete art form?” • Identify the name and composer of one song you listened to today.
