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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Bone. 骨. 骨 Bone 骨组织 bone tissue 骨膜 periosteum 骨髓 bone marrow is a specialized form of connective tissue. 骨组织的结构 :. 骨细胞 Osteocytes: 成骨细胞 Osteoblasts: 破骨细胞 Osteoclasts: 骨祖细胞 Osteoprogenitor cell. Cells:.

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Bone 骨

  2. 骨 Bone 骨组织 bone tissue 骨膜 periosteum 骨髓 bone marrow is a specialized form of connective tissue.

  3. 骨组织的结构: 骨细胞 Osteocytes: 成骨细胞 Osteoblasts: 破骨细胞 Osteoclasts: 骨祖细胞 Osteoprogenitor cell Cells: 骨基质 Bone matrix:

  4. Functions : ★Support: ★ Protection: ★ Storage for calcium、phosphate: Bone supports fleshy structures. Bone protects vital organs, such as brain, heart, lung. Both calcium and phosphate can be mobilized from the bone matrix and taken up by the blood as needed to maintain appropriate levels throughout the body. ★Harbor the bone marrow

  5. More Features of Bone : ★ The exchanges between osteocytes and blood capillaries depend on communication through the canaliculi. ★ All bones are lined on both internal and external surface by layers of tissue containing osteogenic cells. Endosteum on the internal surface and periosteum on the external surface. ★ Bone is difficult to section. To observe cells and matrix, A common technique based on the decalcification standard fixatives is used.

  6. 骨的细胞 Bone Cells There are four cell types in bone: 骨原细胞Osteoprogenitor cell 骨细胞Osteocytes 成骨细胞Osteoblasts 破骨细胞Osteoclasts

  7. · osteoblasts成骨细胞 -- They are located at the surfaces of bone. -- They are polarized cells. Quiescent osteoblasts(not producing bone matrix) become fattened. -- They are responsible for the synthesis of the organic components of bone matrix. Matrix are secreted at the surface, producing a layer of new matrix, called osteoid. -- Some osteoblasts are gradually surrounded by newly formed matrix and become osteocyte. Lacuna is formed.

  8. ·骨细胞 osteocyte 骨板 bone lamell 骨陷窝 bone lacuna 骨小管 bone canaliculi.

  9. 破骨细胞 osteoclast . Ruffle border皱褶缘 Clear zone明区

  10. 骨基质 Bone Matrix 有机质 Organic matter 胶原纤维 Collagen: 90% 基质 Ground substance: 10% 无机质 Inorganic matter 骨盐 bone mineral 羟基磷磷灰石 Ca10

  11. （二）长骨结构Structure of long bones

  12. 骨外膜 Periosteum 骨内膜 endosteum External and internal surfaces of bone are covered by layers of bone-forming cells and connective tissue called periosteum and ednosteum.

  13. 骨外膜 Periosteum 外层: 胶原纤维和成纤维细胞 内层: 骨原细胞 osteoprogenitor cells 骨原细胞 osteoprogenitor cell 少量结缔组织 骨内膜Endosteum

  14. · Epiphysis Epiphysis is composed of spongy bone covered by a thin layer of compact bone. But on the articular surface, it is covered by articular cartilage.

  15. · Diaphysis In long bones, the shaft ,called diaphysis, is composed of compact bone, with small component of spongy bone on its inner surface around the bone marrow cavity.

  16. 长骨的类型 Tpyes of long bones epiphysis 骨密质 Compact bone 松质骨 Spongy bone diaphysis epiphysis

  17. 骨密质 Compact bone --has no cavities. --forms the outside of the bone. 骨松质 Spongy bone --has numerous interconnecting cavities. --forms the interior of the bone. Compact bone and trabeculahave the same basic histological structure.

  18. primary bone: It is the first bone tissue to appear in embryonic development and in fracture repair and other repair processes. secondary bone: is usually found in adults. It characteristically shows collagen fibers arranged in lamellae.

  19. 内环骨板 Inner circumferential lamellae 外环骨板 Outer circumferential lamellae 哈佛斯系统 Haversion system 骨单位 /Osteon 间骨板Intermediate lamellae

  20. 骨单位 Osteon (Haversian System)

  21. 骨组织发生 osteogenesis 膜内骨发生（膜内成骨） Intramembranous ossification 软骨内骨发生（软骨内成骨） Endochondral ossification

  22. 膜内成骨Intramembranous Osteogenesis

  23. 软骨内成骨Endochondral Osteogenesis

  24. 软骨内成骨Endochondral Osteogenesis

  25. 软骨内成骨 1.软骨雏形的形成 2.软骨周骨化 3.软骨内骨化 （1）初级骨化中心的形成 （2）骨髓腔的形成与骨的增长和增粗 软骨储备区 软骨增生区 软骨成熟区 软骨钙化区 成骨区 （3）次级骨化中心的出现和骺板的形成

  26. Epiphyseal cartilage is divided into five zones

  27. Medical application Fracture Repair

  28. Summary ·Matrix: organic matter, inorganic matter and a little water ·Cells： osteoprogenitor cell, osteoblast, osteocyte and osteoclast ·Structure of long bones periosteum and endosteum, epiphysis, diaphysis ·Osteon ·Hisgogenesis

  29. Homework： 1. Review the structure of bone. 2. Describe the two processes of ossification.

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