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Plant Reproduction

Plant Reproduction. Angiosperms (flowering plants). Plants that protect their seeds within the body of a fruit. Make up ¾’s of all plants, including: Trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, water plants…. Structure of a Flower. 1. Pistil 2. Stigma 3. Style 4. Ovary 5. Stamen 6. Filament

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Plant Reproduction

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  1. Plant Reproduction

  2. Angiosperms (flowering plants) • Plants that protect their seeds within the body of a fruit. • Make up ¾’s of all plants, including: • Trees, shrubs, herbs, grasses, water plants…

  3. Structure of a Flower 1. Pistil 2. Stigma 3. Style 4. Ovary 5. Stamen 6. Filament 7. Anther 8. Petal 9. Sepal 10. Receptacle 11. Stem

  4. Male Reproductive Structure • The stamen consists of two parts: Anther and Filament • The anther is where meiosis occurs to produce haploid pollen • The filament is a stalk that supports the anther

  5. Female Reproductive Structure • The pistil consists of the stigma, style and ovary • The sticky stigma receives the pollen from the anther • The pollen grows a tube down through the style • Meiosis occurs in the ovary to produce haploid ovules

  6. Reproductive Structures • Petals: colourful structures that attract pollinators. • Sepals: surround and protect the flower bud.

  7. Pollination • Wind, insects or other animals transfer pollen from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another • Flowers vary depending on pollination mechanism

  8. Pollination Animation

  9. Pollination Vectors Wind Pollination: Dull, scentless flowers with reduced petals Bees/Butterfly Pollination: Bright color, nectaries, scent. They sip nectar, get pollen on coats, transfer pollen from flower to flower Bird Pollination: Nectaries, bright colors, tube-like flowers Moth Pollination: White petals, open at night Fly Pollination:Rank odor, flesh colored petals

  10. Pollen Grain • Anther Sac Pollen grains contain two haploid cells produced through meiosis. 1- The Tube cell – will grow the pollen tube. 2- The Generative cell – will go through mitosis to create two sperm cells.

  11. Ovary Each ovule within an ovary has a micropyle (an opening for the pollen tube). The ovules’ megasporangium undergo meiosis to produce four haploid cells (3 die leaving 1 megaspore) The megaspore undergoes mitosis 3 times to produce 8 haploid cells within the embryo sac.

  12. Fertilization • After pollen lands on the stigma, a pollen tube grows down through the style to ovary • Generative cell creates the two sperm nuclei • Double fertilization occurs: • one sperm fertilizes the egg • one sperm the two polar nuclei together

  13. Result of Double Fertilization • The sperm nucleus and egg nucleus join to form a 2n (diploid) embryo • The other sperm nucleus and the two polar nuclei join to form a 3n (triploid) endosperm. The endosperm is the food supply for the embryo. • First link

  14. Seed and Fruit Development • After fertilization, the petals and sepals fall off flower • Ovary “ripens” into a fruit • The ovule develops into a seed

  15. Seed Dispersal Mechanisms-Allow plants to colonize new areas and avoid shade of parent plant Wind Dispersal - Flight mechanisms, like parachutes, wings, etc. Ex. Dandelion, maples, birch Animal Dispersal - Fleshy fruits which animals eat, drop undigested seeds in feces or burrs which stick to animals’ coats

  16. Gravity Dispersal - Heavy nuts fall to ground and roll ex. acorns Water Dispersal - Plants near water create floating fruits ex. coconuts

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