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Youth standing for freedom from chemical slavery

Youth standing for freedom from chemical slavery. Gilberto Gerra Chief Drug Prevention and Health Branch. Emphasize and facilitate health, productive and fulfilling alternatives to the illicit consumption of drugs, which must not become accepted as a way of life;.

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Youth standing for freedom from chemical slavery

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  1. Youth standing for freedom from chemical slavery Gilberto Gerra Chief Drug Prevention and Health Branch

  2. Emphasize and facilitate health, productive and fulfilling alternatives to the illicit consumption of drugs, which must not become accepted as a way of life; Political Declaration 2009 Paragraph 22

  3. a society under medication? Benzodiazepine for math test anxiety Cannabis for dating Amphetamine for working Ecstasy for dancing Energy drinks for driving Ketamine for fantasy Cocaine and Viagra for sex Efedrine and Growth Hormone for sport Oxicodon for coping with stress Heroin for escaping reality Ritalin for behavioural control Brain enhancers for carrier Alcohol for relaxing and socializing

  4. Who is gaining? Narco-traffickers $ Pharmaceutical Companies $ Alcohol producers $

  5. Health Security Mental health At risk with substance use disorders Youth empowerment Creativity Innovative initiatives Social-family cohesion Responsibility accountability

  6. Who is interested in young people... Less involved/engaged Acritical Sedated / anaffective With reduced cognitive capacity With reduced memory Negativism.... Unable to dream the future Dependent / conditioned ?????

  7. Lancet Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. The health effects most likely to occur and to affect a large number of cannabis users: increased risk of motor vehicle crashes a dependence syndrome impaired respiratory function cardiovascular disease adverse effects on adolescent psychosocial development and mental health Hall and Degenhardt, 2009

  8. Dunedin prospective study Regularly smoking cannabis in their teens and then stopped 8 point less in IQ scale as adults

  9. Ecstasy

  10. Figure 1 Brain CT scan in a patient with cocaine-induced basilar artery thrombosis MacEwen C et al.(2008) A case of cocaine-induced basilar artery thrombosis Nat Clin Pract Neuroldoi:10.1038/ncpneuro0879

  11. usurpation of emotional memory Cocaine addicts brain is not activated anymore by monetary reward Milton and Everitt, 2012

  12. Before and after methamphetamines ...

  13. Stigma and discrimination To punish … To permit… Denial Not to share suffering To ignore responsibility To attenuate sense of guilt

  14. Drug addiction is often the result of an unwholesome social atmosphere in which those who are most exposed to the danger of drug abuse live Resolution III, 1972 (amendments to 1961 Convention)

  15. A social atmosphere detrimental to physical, mental and moral well-being…

  16. Drug availability: exposure to drugs and alcohol Risk perception Peer pressure Temperament, personality traits Stressful life events Exposure to violence, displacement Insecure parent-child attachment Psychobiological Vulnerability: Synaptic function Epigenetic changes Behavioural attitude Mental health disorders Pathogenesis of the disease Social exclusion Neglect Extreme poverty Abuse Chaotic family Lack of engagement in school Lack of bonding to family Excessive protection Affectionless control

  17. Adverse childhood experiences Household dysfunction Emotional neglect Abuse

  18. Epigenetic effects of drugs

  19. Epigenetic mechanisms in drug addiction Renthal and Nestler, 2009

  20. ...and vulnerability Exploring resilience...

  21. PBI Paternal care PBI Maternal care BDHI Direct aggression abstinent subjects 25,490,42 27,590,38 45.32.9 cocaine users LL-SL 5-HTT genotypes 22,560.9 24.610.5 59.32.9 18.780.4 18.890.45 63.252.5 cocaine users SS 5-HTT genotypes Perceived parenting behaviour in the childhood of cocaine users: relationship with genotype and personality traits (Gerra et al., 2007)

  22. PARENTS CARE PERCEPTION PBI SCORE 27 10% less risk 20% less risk 90% less risk 18 RISK % OF DRUG DEPENDENCE IN THE ADULT

  23. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (PNAS), 2012

  24. short version (S) of the 5-HTTLPR agreeable autonomy secure attachment insecure attachment hostile autonomy Zimmermann et al., 2009

  25. Resilience Prevention inequality Vulnerability

  26. The commitment of the International Community Prevention of substance abuse reaching the most vulnerable Prevention of substance abuse as a pillar of development and freedom

  27. long-term neurobiological changes associated with early stress can be modified by the quality of the subsequent care-giving environment Kaufman and Charney, 2001

  28. Prevention of cardiovascular diseases -Poker of Aces • No smoking • No salt • No cholesterol • Physical exercise

  29. Give clear rules and appreciate your child behaviour

  30. Dreaming with children about future… Rewarding their achievements Teaching to accept limits and rules Experiencing community cohesion and participation Making them aware of progressive autonomy Looking at life perspectives with hope Proposing valuesand believes Transmitting cultural identity

  31. to change the trajectory of children at risk

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