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TOWING PROCEDURE 1.TOWING VEHICLE DRIVER IS RESPONSIBE FOR SAFE TOWING

TOWING PROCEDURE 1.TOWING VEHICLE DRIVER IS RESPONSIBE FOR SAFE TOWING 2.ESTABLISH WING WALKERS 3.QUALIFED PERSON SHOULD SIT AT COCKPIT 4.TOWING SPEED SHOULD BE LIMITED TO WALKER SPEED. 5.CHECK AIRCRAFT BRAKE BEFORE TOWING 6.CLOSE ALL THE DOORS AND LADDER OF AIRCRAFT

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TOWING PROCEDURE 1.TOWING VEHICLE DRIVER IS RESPONSIBE FOR SAFE TOWING

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  1. TOWING PROCEDURE 1.TOWING VEHICLE DRIVER IS RESPONSIBE FOR SAFE TOWING 2.ESTABLISH WING WALKERS 3.QUALIFED PERSON SHOULD SIT AT COCKPIT 4.TOWING SPEED SHOULD BE LIMITED TO WALKER SPEED. 5.CHECK AIRCRAFT BRAKE BEFORE TOWING 6.CLOSE ALL THE DOORS AND LADDER OF AIRCRAFT 7.DO NOT START OR STOP ALL OF A SUDDEN. 8.PARK IN A SPECIFIED AREA OF DISPERSAL 9.PLACE WHEEL CHOCKS 10.CONTROL SURFACES SHOULD BE LOCKED 11.GROUND THE AIRCRAFT STATICALLY.

  2. MOORING PROCEDURE 1.TIE DOWN AIRCRAFT AFTER EACH FLIGHT 2.AIRCRAFT PARKED INTO THE WIND. 3.ENSURE WING TIP CLEARANCE WITH OTHER AICRAFT SMALL LIGHT AIRCRAFT 1.LIGHT AIRCRAFT IS TIED WITH ROPE 2.TIE AT PROPER PLACE PROVIDED AT THE AIRCRFT. 3.GIVE ALLOWANCE FOR SHRINKAGE OF ROPE DUE TO ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITION. 4.PROVIDE ANTISLIP KNOT

  3. SECURING HEAVY AIRCRAFT: 1.CABLE CANBE USED FOR TIE DOWN. 2.PROVIDE SURFACE CONTROL LOCKS. 3.INSTALL ALL COVERS ANG GURADS. 4.ATTACH TIEDOWN REELS TO AIRPLANE TIE DOWN LOOPS. 5.CHOCK ALL THE WHEELS FORE AND AFT.

  4. MOORING PROCEDURE FOR HELICOPTER: 1.FACE THE HELICOPTER IN THE DIRECTION OF WIND 2.PARK AT DISTANCE OF ONE ROTOR DISTANCE FROM THE OTHER HELICOPTER. 3.PLACE WHEEL CHOCKS INFRONT AND REAR 4.ALIGN THE BLADES AND USE TIE DOWN STRAPS 5.FASTEN THE TIEDOWN ROPES OR CABLES TO THE FORWARD AND AFT LANDING GEAR.

  5. LEVELLING OF AIRCRAFT: 1.LEVELLING INCLUDES BOTH A LONGITUDINAL AND LATERAL AXIS. 2.USE SPIRIT LEVEL TO ESTABLISH CORRECTNESS IN BOTH THE AXES. 3.SOME AIRCRAFT USE PLUB BOB AND TARGET TO ESTABLISH LEVELLING 4.SOME AIRCRAFT HAS PROVISION TO HOLD THE SPIRIT LEVEL TO CHECK BY HAVING PROVISION OF TWO NUT PLATES. 5.OTHER METHODS INCLUDE PERMANENTLY PLACING SPIRIT LEVEL IN THE LUGGAGE COMPARTMENT.

  6. ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE: BEFORE STARTING 1.AIRCRAFT TO HEAD INTO THE WIND. 2.ENSURE TO DAMAGE TO PROPERTY OR PERSON DUE TO EXHAUST. 3.ENSURE SAFE REMOVAL ELECTRICAL EQPT IF USED 4.FIRE GUARD IS EQUIPPED WITH A SUITABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER AT APROPRIATE PLACE. 5.INCASE OF TURBINE ENGINE THE FRONTAL AREA IS TO BE CLEAN TO AVOID FOD. 6.FOLLOW MANUFACTURER MANUAL 7.REMOVE CONTROL SURFACE LOCKS.

  7. PISTON ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE: 1.REMOVE VARIOUS COVERS 2.AIRCRAFT WITH BATTERY SHOULD BE STARTED USING EXTERNAL POWER TO AVOID LOAD ON BATTERY. 3.ALL OTHER ELECTRICAL LOAD SHOULD BE OFF 4.ENSURE HYDRAULIC LOCK IS NOT APPLIED TO THE PROPELLER BY CHECKING FREE ROTATION 5.PUT ON AUXILLARY PUMP . 6.PLACE THE MIXTURE CONTROL IN IDLE OR RICH DEPEDING ON THE TYPE OF CARBURETER. 7.OPEN THE THROTTLE TO A POSITION THAT WILL PROVIDE 1000-1200 RPM.

  8. 8.USE PRIMER TO PUMP FUEL INITIALLY ONE TO THREE STROKES. 9.DO NOT CRANK THE ENGINE CONTINUOUSLY MORE THAN ONE MINUTE. 10.KEEP THE THROTTLE IN RICH MIXTURE POSITION 11.CHECK THE INSTRUMENTS FOR MONITORING PERFORMANCE RPM,OIL TEMPERATURE GUAGE,CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE,EXHAUST GAS TEMPERATURE, FUEL FLOW GUAGE.

  9. TURBOPROP STARTING PROCEDURE: PRECAUTIONS: 1.OBSERVE THE STARTER DUTY CYCLE.OTHERWISE STARTER CAN BE OVERHEATEN. 2.START CAN BE USING AIR OR ELECTRICAL 3.DO NOT PERFORM GROUND START IF TIT IS HIGH 4.PROVIDE FUEL TO PUMP WITH LOW PRESURE TO FUEL PUMP.

  10. TURBOPROP STARTING PROCEDURE: 1.TURN THE FUEL BOOSTER PUMP ON 2.THE LEVER SHOULD BE IN START POSITION 3.START S/W IN START POSITION 4.IGNITION SWITCH ON 5.FUEL TURNED ON 6.MONITOR ENGINE LIGHTS UP USING EXHAUST TEMPERATURE. 7.CHECK OIL PR AND TEMPERATURE.

  11. 8.AFTER SELF START ,THE STARTER IS DISENGAGED. 9.THE ENGINE SHOULD ACCELERATE TILL IDLE. 10.KEEP THROTTLE IN IDLE POSITION TILL THE OIL TEMP IS REACHED. 11.DISCONNET IF GROUND POWER SUPPY IS USED. 12.SWITCH OFF IF FIRE WARNING LIGHT ON OR ABNORMAL VIBRATION NOTICED. 13.IF OIL PRESSURE IS NOT REACHED.

  12. TURBOFAN ENGINE STARTING PROCEDURE: 1.PLACE THE POWER LEVER IN IDLE POSITION 2.TURN FUEL BOOST PUMP SWITCH ON 3.ENGINE STARTER S/W ON 4.TURN IGNITION S/W ON 5.MOVE THE LEVER TO START POSITION. 6.ENGINE START IS INDICATED BY A RISE IN EXHAUST TEMPERATURE. 7.IF TWO SPOOL ENGINE CHECK N1. 8.CHECK FOR PROPER OIL PRESURE. 9.AFTER ENGINE STABLISHES AT IDLE ENSURE ENGINE LIMITS ARE NOT EXCEEDED.

  13. ENGINE FIRE EXTINGUISHING: FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS ARE THOSE CHEMICAL THAT ARE INJECTED INTO A COMPARTMENT OR AREA TO ENTINGUISH A FIRE.THOSE AGENTS WORK BY EITHER DISPLACING THE OXYGEN OR CHEMICALLY COMBINING WITH THE OXYGEN TO PREVENT COMBUSTION.SOME ADDITIONAL EXTINGUISHNG EFFECT CAN OCCUR BY THE LOW TEMPERATURE AT WHICH THE AGENTS ARE DISCHARGED.

  14. COMMONLY USED AGENTS ARE: CO2,FREON(CHLORINATED CARBON) HALON 1301 (MONO BROMOTRIFLUOROMETHANE –CF3Br), NITROGEN(N2) Halon 1301 and FREON ARE IN A LIQUID STATE WHEN UNDER PRESURE BUT BECOME GASEOUS WHEN RELEASED TO ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. MOST MODERN AIRCRAFT USE HALON 1301 AS EXTINGUISHING AGENT . *CO2 IS LIMITED TO RECIPROCATING ENGINE POWERED TRANSPORTS.

  15. TWO CLASSIFICATION OF FIRE EXTINGUISHING AGENTS: 1.CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM: IT IS NORMALLY FOUND IN PISTON ENGINES.IT USES CO2 AS EXTINGUISHING AGENT.IT USES PERFORATED RING AND DISTRIBUTOR NOZZLE DISCHARGE ARRANGEMENT WHEN THE SYSTEM IS ACTIVATED. 2.HIGH RATE OF DISCHARGE SYSTEM. IT USES FREON OR HALON 1301 AND THE SPHRICAL BOTTLES ACTUATED BY EXPLOSIVE CARTRIDGES. THE DISCHARGE TUBES ARE CONFIGURED TO ALLOW A RAPID RELEASE OF AGENT INTO THE FIRE AREA AND FLOOD THE COMPARTMENT.

  16. SHOP SAFETY 1.KEEPING HANGARS ,SHOP AND THE FLIGHT LINE ORDERLY AND CLEAN IS SAFETY. 2.THE SHIFT PERSONNEL SHOULD STORE PERSONAL TOOLS,ROLLAWAY BOXES ,ALL WORKSTANDS,HOSES,ELECTRICAL CORDS HOISTS CRATES AND BOXES. 3.SIGNGS SHOULD BE POSTED AT CRITICAL POINTS INDICATING DANGEROUS EQUIPMENT. 4.SAFETY LANES,WALKWAYS AND FIRELANES SHOULD BE PAINTED. 5.SAFETY MEASURES TO PREVENT ACCIDENT.

  17. ELECTRICAL SAFETY: WHEN ELECTRICITY IS APPLIED TO HUMANBODY IT CAN CREATE SEVERE BURNS. 1.ELECTRICIAN SHOULD WEAR PROPER SAFETY EQUIPMENT TO PROTECT HIM. 2.THE USE OF RUBBER CLOVES,SAFETY GLASSES, RUBBER OR GROUDED SAFETY MATS CONTRIBUTE TO PHYSIOLOGICAL SAFETY. 3.OVERCONFIDENCE SHOULD BE AVOIDED. 4.SHOULD HAVE ADEQUATE KNOWLEDGE.

  18. FIRE SAFETY: THE GREATER THE CURRENT FLOWS,GREATER HEAT IS GENERATED.WHEN THE HEAT IS HIGH IT CAN MELT THIS HEAT CAN BECOME SO GREAT THAT METALS CAN MELT,LIQUIDS,VAPORIZE AND FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCE IGNITES. KEEP THE AREA AROUND ELECTRICAL WORK CLEAN ,UNCLUTTERED,AND FREE OF ALL UNNCESSARY FLAMMABLE SUBSTANCES.

  19. CHECKLISTS. USE CHECKLIST WHEN PERFORMING AN INSPECTION THE CHECK LIST SHOULD INCLUDE: 1.FUSELAGE AND HULL GROUP 2.CABIN AND COCKPIT GROUP 3.ENGINE AND NACELLE GROUP 4.LANDING GEAR GROUP 5.WING AND CENTER SECTION. 6.EMPENNAGE GROUP 7.PROPELLER GROUP 8.COMMUNICATION AND NAVIGATION GROUP 9.MISCELANEOUS

  20. PUBLICATIONS: AERONAUTICAL PUBLICATIONS ARE THE SOURCES OF INFORMATION FOR GUIDING AVIATION MECHANICS IN THE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF AIRCRAFT AND RELATED EQUIPMENT.THE PROPER USE OF THESE PUBLICATIONS WILL GREATLY AID IN THE OPERATION AND MAITENANCE OF AIRCRAFT. THEY ARE: 1.MANUFACTURES SERVICE BULLETINS 2.MANUALS 3.CATALOGS 4.FAA REGULATIONS 5.AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES 6.ADVISORY CIRCULARS 7.AIRCRAFT AND ENGINE SPECIFICATIONS

  21. AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES ARE FEDERAL AVIATION REGULATIONS AND MUST BE COMPLIED WITH UNLESS SPECIFICALLY EXEMPTED. TWO CATEGORIES: 1.THOSE OF AN EMERGENCY NATURE REQUIRING IMMEDIATE COMPLIANCE UPON RECEIPT 2.THOSE OF A LESS URGENT NATURE REQUIRING COMPLIANCE WITHIN A RELATIVELY LONGER PERIOD OF TIME THE COTENTS OF Ads INCLUDE THE AIRCRAFT ,ENGINE,PROPELLER,OR APPLIANCES MODEL AND SERIAL NO. AFFECTED.

  22. TYPE CERTIFICATE DATA SHEET. IT DESCRIBES THE TYPE DESIGN AND SETS FORTH THE LIMITATIONS PRESCRIBED BY THE APPLICABLE CFR PART.IT ALSO INCLUDES ANY OTHER LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION FOUND NECESSARY FOR TYPE CERTIFICAITON OF A PARTICULAR MODEL AIRCRAFT. IT CONTAINS INFORMATION REGARDING: 1.MODEL DESIGNATION OF ALL ENGINES FOR WHICH THE APPROVAL OBTAINED. 2.MINIMUM FUEL GRADE TO BE USED. 3.MAX TAKE OFF RATINGS 4.NAME OF THE MANUFACTURER AND MODEL DESIGNATION FOR EACH PROPELLER.

  23. 5.AIRSPEED LIMITS IN BOTH MPH AND KNOTS. 6.CENTER OF GRAVITY RANGE FOR THE EXTREME LOADING CONDITIONS. 7.EMPTY WEIGHT CG RANGE WILL BE GIVEN AS FORE AND AFT LIMITS 8.LOCATION OF DATUM 9.MEANS FOR PROVIDING LEVELLING 10.MAXIMUM WEIGHT 11.NO. OF SEATS AND THEIR MOMENT ARMS 12.OIL AND FUEL CAPACITY 13.CONTROL SURFACE MOVEMENTS 14.REQUIRED EQUIPMENT 15.INFORMATION ON PLACARDS.

  24. ATA SPECIFICATION: INORDER TO STANDARDIZE THE MAINTAINENCE INFORMATION ,ATA ISSUED SPECIFICATIONS FOR MANUFACTURERS TECHNICAL DATA. THE ORGINAL SPECIFICATION WAS ATA SPEC 100. OVER THE YEARS IT WAS CONTINUOUSLY REVISED AND UPDATED. ATA iSPEC 2200 CONSITS OF TWO SPECIFICATIONS. AS RESULT THIS STANDARDISATION,MAINTAINANCE TECH CAN FIND INFORMATION REGARDING A PARTICULAR SYSTEM IN THE SAME SECTION OF AN AIRCRAFT MAITAINANCE MANUAL REGARDLESS OF MANUFACTURER.

  25. SPECIAL INSPECTION: 1.SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES SHOULD BE FOLLOWED TO DETERMINE IF DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE HAS OCCURRED. 1.HARD OR OVERWEIGHT LANDING INSPECTION. 2.SEVERE TURBULENCE INSPECTION OR OVER G 3.LIGHTNING STRIKE 4.FIRE DAMAGE 5.FLOOD DAMAGE 6.SEAPLANE INSPECITON 7.AERIAL APPLICATION AIRCRAFT

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