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Chapter 6

Chapter 6. Managing and Troubleshooting Windows 2000. You Will Learn…. About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot process How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000 boot process How to use maintenance and troubleshooting tools to support Windows 2000. Understanding the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process.

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Chapter 6

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  1. Chapter 6 Managing and Troubleshooting Windows 2000

  2. You Will Learn… • About the Windows NT/2000/XP boot process • How to troubleshoot the Windows 2000 boot process • How to use maintenance and troubleshooting tools to support Windows 2000 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  3. Understanding the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process • BIOS executes POST • BIOS executes the MBR program • MBR program executes the OS boot program • Boot program executes Ntldr • Ntldr changes the processor mode and loads a file system A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  4. Understanding the Windows NT/2000/XP Boot Process (continued) • Ntldr reads and loads the boot loader menu • Ntldr uses Ntdetect.com • Ntldr loads the OS and device drivers • Ntldr passes control to Ntoskrnl.exe • An operating system other than Windows NT/2000/XP is chosen A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  5. Files Needed to Boot Windows NT/2000/XP Successfully A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  6. Boot.ini file • [boot loader] section • Timeout • Default operating system • [operating system] section • Path to boot partition of each operating system A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  7. Boot.ini File(continued) • Entries • Multi (0) – use first IDE controller • Disk (0) – used only when booting from a SCSI hard drive • Rdisk (0) – use first hard drive • Partition (1) – use first partition on the drive A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  8. Changing the Boot.ini File • Click Start, click Settings, click Control Panel • Double-click the System icon • Click Advanced tab • Click Startup and Recovery button • Change settings as desired, click OK A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  9. Troubleshooting the Boot Process • Try the simple things first • Determine at what point in the process system fails • Use troubleshooting tools • Advanced Options menu • Recovery Console • Emergency repair disk A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  10. Advanced Options Menu • Used to diagnose and fix problems booting Windows 2000 • Press F8 when starting Windows 2000 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  11. Advanced Options Menu(continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  12. Safe Mode Boots the OS with a minimum configuration, used for troubleshooting • Mouse • Keyboard • Basic video • Mass storage A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  13. Safe Mode with Networking Use this option when you are solving a problem with booting and need access to the network A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  14. Safe Mode with Command Prompt • Does not load a GUI desktop • Try this if Safe Mode does not load the OS A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  15. Enable Boot Logging • Windows 2000 loads normally • All files used during load process are recorded to Nbtlog.txt • Use this option to see what did and did not load during boot process A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  16. Enable VGA Mode • Loads very plain VGA video driver • Use this option when the video setting does not allow you to see the screen well enough to fix a bad setting • Corrupted video driver • Bad configuration, such as black font on a black background A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  17. Last Known Good Configuration • Use this option if the system is configured incorrectly • Restores Windows 2000 to the settings of the last successful logon • All system setting changes made after the last successful logon are lost A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  18. Directory Services Restore Mode (Windows 2000 Domain Controllers Only) • Applies only to Windows 2000 domain controllers • Used as part of a process to recover from a corrupted Active Directory A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  19. Debugging Mode • Provides the opportunity to move system logs from a failing system to another computer for evaluation • Connection is made via serial port • See Windows 2000 Professional Resource Kit for more information A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  20. Recovery Console • Used when OS does not start properly or hangs during the load • Allows repair of damaged registry, system files, or file system on the hard drive • Does not use a GUI • Allows access to the FAT16, FAT32, and NTFS file systems • Requires Administrator password A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  21. Recovery Console(continued) • Boot from the Windows 2000 CD or the four startup disks A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  22. Recovery Console(continued) • Type C to select the “To repair a Windows 2000 installation” option A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  23. Recovery Console(continued) • Press 1 and then press Enter to select the installation of Windows A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  24. Recovery Console(continued) • Enter Administrator password and press Enter • You now have a command prompt • Type Exit to leave the Recovery Console and start Windows 2000 A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  25. Using the Recovery Console to Restore the Registry • Default • Sam • Security • Software • System Registry consists of five files, stored in %SystemRoot\System32\Config folder A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  26. C:\WINNT\repair\RegBack A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  27. Installing the Recovery Console • Open a command window • Change to the \i386 folder on the Windows 2000 CD-ROM • Enter winnt32 /cmdcons • Restart computer A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  28. Emergency Repair Process • Restores system to its state after the Windows 2000 installation • All changes made to the registry since installation are lost • Uses an Emergency Repair Disk (ERD) • Points to a folder on hard drive where registry was backed up at installation A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  29. Creating an ERD • Click Start, Programs, Accessories, and SystemTools, and then click Backup • Select Emergency Repair Disk • If you check the box, system backs up the registry • Click OK to create disk A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  30. Using an ERD to Restore • Boot PC from the four Windows 2000 setup disks • Select R from the Setup menu • Select R from the Windows 2000 Repair Options window • Insert the Emergency Repair Disk and follow the instructions A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  31. Tools for Maintenance and Troubleshooting • Backup tool • Windows 2000 Support Tools • Windows File Protection (WFP) • Computer Management • Disk Management • Microsoft Management Console (MMC) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  32. Tools for Maintenance and Troubleshooting (continued) • Event Viewer • Performance monitoring and Optimization • Task Manager • System Monitor • Dr. Watson and Memory Dumps • Windows Update A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  33. Using the Backup Tool to Restore the System State Click Start, Programs, Accessories, System Tools, Backup, then click the Restore tab A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  34. Active Directory Administration Tool Active Directory Replication Monitor ADSI Edit Application Compatibility Tool Command Prompt Dependency Walker DiskProbe Global Flags Editor Process Viewer Security Administration Tools SNMP Query Utility Windiff Windows Support Tools A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  35. Windows Support Tools (continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  36. Dependency Walker A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  37. Windows File Protection (WFP) • Protects system files (.sys, .dll, .ttf, .fon, .ocs, .exe) from modification • Two tools • Background process that notifies WFP when a protected file is modified • SFC (System File Checker) • Used during unattended installation • Can be used manually from command prompt A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  38. Switches for the Sfc.exe Utility A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  39. Computer Management Consolidates several administrative tools used by the Administrator to: • Monitor problems with hardware, software, security • Share folders • View device configurations • Add new device drivers • Start and stop services • Manage server applications A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  40. Computer Management(continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  41. Disk Management • Found in Computer Management console • Used to create partitions on basic disks or volumes on dynamic disks and to convert a basic disk to a dynamic disk • Replaces Fdisk utility found in older Windows OSs A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  42. Create a Volume on a Dynamic Disk • Right-click an unallocated area, select Create Volume • Click Next when Create Volume Wizard launches • Select volume type, click Next • Specify size, file system, and allocation unit size A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  43. Create a Volume A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  44. Select Volume Type A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  45. Microsoft Management Console • Console • Combination of several administrative tools into a single window (e.g., Computer Management, Recovery Console) • Snap-ins • Individual tools within the console (e.g., Event Viewer, System Information) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  46. MMC Snap-ins A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  47. MMC Snap-ins(continued) A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  48. Creating a Customized Console • Click Start, click Run, enter MMC, click OK • Click Console, click Add/Remove Snap-in A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  49. Adding a Snap-in to a Console • Click Add, select Snap-in, click Add • Set parameters, click Finish • Click Close Add Standalone Snap-in window A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

  50. Saving a Customized Console • Click Save As • Select location, name the file,click Save • Click Console, Click Exit A+ Guide to Software: Managing, Maintaining and Troubleshooting, Third Edition

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