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Data modeling at Europeana

This presentation outlines Europeana's data modeling efforts at the Digital Libraries 2014 Conference in London. The focus is on creating a new Europeana Data Model (EDM) to address metadata interoperability challenges and cater to diverse data models and domain-specific requirements. The EDM aims to provide richer metadata with finer granularity, distinguish provided objects from digital representations, and support contextual resources and hierarchical objects. The session also discusses mappings from Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard (METS) to EDM and emphasizes collaborative standardization efforts across various sectors to integrate Linked Open Data principles.

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Data modeling at Europeana

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  1. Data modeling at Europeana Antoine Isaac METS Workshop at the Digital Libraries 2014 Conference London, Sept. 11, 2014

  2. Access objects from 2,300 libraries, archives and museums • Currently • 33M objects

  3. What Europeana gets (and makes available) • Descriptive metadata • Link to digital objects online

  4. At the beginning flat DC-based records • dc:contributor, dc:creator, dc:date, dc:format, dc:identifier, dc:language, dc:publisher, dc:relation, dc:source, dcterms:alternative, dcterms:extent, dcterms:temporal, dcterms:medium, dcterms:created, dcterms:provenance, dcterms:issued, dcterms:conformsTo, dcterms:hasFormat, dcterms:isFormatOf, dcterms:hasVersion, dcterms:isVersionOf, dcterms:hasPart, dcterms:isPartOf, dcterms:isReferencedBy, dcterms:references, dcterms:isReplacedBy, dcterms:replaces dcterms:isRequiredBy, dcterms:requires dcterms:tableOfContents • europeana:type, europeana:dataProvider, europeana:provider, europeana:isShownAt, europeana:isShownBy, europeana:object, europeana:rights • No links between objects and persons, places… • Mixing data on real objects and digital content • Causing a lot of mapping quality problems

  5. Creating a new Europeana Data Model: EDM • http://pro.europeana.eu/edm-documentation

  6. Metadata interoperability challenges Needs: Accommodate different data models Accommodate domain specific requirements Avoid losing data and keep the best granularity Co-exist with the original data

  7. EDM rationale: requirements Richer metadata - finer granularity Distinguish “provided objects” (painting, book, movie, etc.) from their digital representations Distinguish object from its metadata record Allow multiple records for a same object, containing potentially contradictory statements about it Support for objects that are composed of other objects Support for contextual resources, including concepts from controlled vocabularies

  8. EDM: an example • http://europeana.eu/portal/record/09102/_CM_0161930.html

  9. More granular metadata

  10. Digital representations of the object One or more WebResources are provided for the cultural heritage object. • Properties: • dc:rights • edm:rights • dc:format • dc:description • dcterms:isPartOf • edm:isNextInSequence…

  11. Web Resource example

  12. Aggregations organize data of a provider The Aggregation represents the set of related resources about one real object contributed by one provider. It carries the metadata that is about the whole set Europeana-specific properties • edm:dataProvider, edm:provider • edm:isShownBy, edm:isShownAt • edm:hasView • edm:rights • edm:ugc

  13. Aggregation example

  14. Contextual Resources – Places • Linked Open Data

  15. Hierarchical objects in EDM

  16. Hierarchical objects in EDM • Complete version at:http://semanticweb.cs.vu.nl/europeana/browse/list_resource?r=http://purl.org/collections/apenet/proxy-4_VTH-ATLASSEN_EN_KAARTBOEKEN-F&raw=true

  17. Collaborative, soft standardization • Cross-community development, involving library, archive and museum experts and academic partners • Data model that re-uses several existing models Semantic Web paradigm just allows mixing them!

  18. (Future work:) Different semantic grains Adopts Semantic Web principle of specializing classes and properties Enables extensions, “applications profiles”, based on needs and best practices from specific sectors or domains For now Europeana core ingestion still relies on an XML schema (for RDF data!)

  19. METS – EDM mappings • DPLA • DDB • DM2E • EuropeanaConnect • APEx • Judaica Most are METS/MODS

  20. METS – EDM mappings • Focusing on MODS for the descriptive MD • 1Mb METS may result in 3Kb EDM • METS structMap can populate the Aggregation of WebResources • Media links and technical MD • Or hierarchies of ProvidedCHOs when the map refers to objects that have cultural interest by themselves • E.g. multi-volume works, but not pages of books

  21. Difference between Europeana and other projects wrt. choices for EDM ProvidedCHO

  22. Conclusions • Exchanging data about aggregation of cultural objects, media files, with technical and descriptive MD • Mapping from METS is possible • Linked data is really interesting in a network/community environment (Europeana & partners) • Implementing only a part of the Linked Data technical stack already bring benefits • An ongoing effort

  23. Thank you Antoine Isaac antoine.isaac@europeana.eu @EuropeanaTech

  24. Useful links • Europeana portal europeana.eu • EuropeanaTech community pro.europeana.eu/europeana-tech • Europeana Data Model documentation pro.europeana.eu/edm-documentation • Europeana Twitter @EuropeanaEU • EuropeanaTech Twitter @EuropeanaTech

  25. Ready for metadata enrichment • Europeana links objects to third-party sources • GEMET, GeoNames, DBpedia • Europeana providers send richer metadata

  26. Harvesting thesauri as linked data

  27. Contextual resources – multilingual & semantic linked data for Concepts • <skos:Concept rdf:about="http://www.mimo-db.eu/InstrumentsKeywords/2251"> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="">Harpsichord</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="de">Cembalo</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="sv">Cembalo</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="fr">Clavecin</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="it">Clavicembalo</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="en">Harpsichord</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:prefLabel xml:lang="nl">Klavecimbel</skos:prefLabel> • <skos:broader> • <skos:Concept rdf:about="http://www.mimo-db.eu/InstrumentsKeywords/2239"/> • </skos:broader> • </skos:Concept>

  28. Contextual resource benefits - Work in progress • Allows to present users with richer context • Boosts multilingual search • And multilingual display

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