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History of Earth

History of Earth. By: Mr. Kauffman. Outline. Early History of Earth Structure of Earth Changing Structure of Earth Plate Tectonics Evidence of Early Life How Old is Something Fossil Record History of Life on Earth. Early History of Earth. How old is the Earth?

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History of Earth

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  1. History of Earth By: Mr. Kauffman

  2. Outline • Early History of Earth • Structure of Earth • Changing Structure of Earth • Plate Tectonics • Evidence of Early Life • How Old is Something • Fossil Record • History of Life on Earth

  3. Early History of Earth • How old is the Earth? • 4.6 billion years old (4,600,000,000) • How do scientists explain how the Earth formed? • Big Bang Theory • Large explosion 10-15 billion years ago • Created the universe

  4. Expanding Universe

  5. Early History of Earth • What was Earth like at first? • Very hot; constant volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts • Atmosphere consisting of Ammonia, Methane, Water Vapor, Carbon Dioxide, and Nitrogen • What was missing? • Oxygen

  6. Structure of Earth • The Earth consists of 4 layers 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Outer core 4. Inner core • The crust and mantle are called the lithosphere

  7. Structure of Earth

  8. Structure of Earth Crust Mantle Outer core Inner core

  9. Changing Structure of Earth • Continental drift: idea that says the Earth’s continents are slowly moving across the Earth’s surface • Pangea – supercontinent that existed 200 to 300 million years ago

  10. Changing Structure of Earth • Plate tectonics: scientific theory that explains the features and movement of the Earth’s surface in the present and past • The Earth’s crust is divided into several sections called tectonic plates

  11. Changing Structure of Earth

  12. Changing Structure of Earth • These plates are constantly gliding/moving over the top of the mantle • The movement of the plates is driven by thermal (heat) energy of the Earth

  13. Plate Tectonics • There are 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries(places where the tectonic plates meet) • Divergent – occurs when the plates move away from each other • The space created between the plates is filled by magma which solidifies into rock

  14. Plate Tectonics • There are 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries(places where the tectonic plates meet) • Convergent – occurs when the plates collide together • Forms mountains over long periods of time

  15. Plate Tectonics • There are 3 types of tectonic plate boundaries(places where the tectonic plates meet) • Transform – occurs when the plates slide past each other • Causes earthquakes

  16. Evidence of Early Life • Fossil: remains or imprints of long dead organisms preserved in the Earth’s surface. • Found in sedimentary rock (was once mud/silt) • 2 basic types of fossils 1. Imprint: footprints or plant impressions 2. Remains: bones or teeth

  17. Evidence of Early Life

  18. How Old is Something • How do scientists determine the age of a fossil? • Relative Dating: examine how deep the fossil is buried • the deeper it is buried, the older it is • Radiometric Dating: study radioactive elements found in the fossil and rocks around it

  19. Fossil Record • Collection of all types of fossilized organisms that have been discovered • Millions of species of fossilized organisms have been discovered • Estimated to be about 2% of all species that have lived on Earth • New species are still being found • 2 patterns can be observed • Fossils appear in order • Not random, not mixed together • Example – don’t find human remains with dinosaur remains • As we progress through time, fossils look more and more like modern day creatures

  20. Fossil Record

  21. Fossil Record

  22. Fossil Record

  23. Fossil Record

  24. Fossil Record

  25. History of Life on Earth • Time frames are divided into periods • Jurassic is one example • Each period has certain characteristics specific to it • What it looks like • What lives there • Factors that determine what life could be found on Earth • Amount of oxygen • Continental shift • Meteors • Volcanoes • Climate

  26. Meteorite Craters ¾ of a mile in diameter 111 miles in diameter

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