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Understanding z/VM Control Program (CP) and Virtual Machine Environment

Learn about z/VM CP's role as a real-machine resource manager, types of virtual machines, preferred VM configurations, CP commands, and importance of VM Dump Tool and Virtual LANs. Discover how CP enables individual virtual machine environments and connectivity support.

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Understanding z/VM Control Program (CP) and Virtual Machine Environment

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  1. z/VMModule 3: Control Program (CP)

  2. Objectives • Describe the Control Program (CP) and how it works with z/VM • Explain why CP is known as a real-machine resource manager • Explain how CP and the Virtual Machine environment work together • List and explain the three types of virtual machines • Describe the two types of preferred virtual machines according to storage

  3. Objectives continued • Describe how CP commands are used and structured • Explain what is meant by truncation and abbreviation • Explain the importance of the VM Dump Tool and VM Virtual LANs • Describe some important hardware facilities that are supported by the Control Program: • FSDM • Cryptographic Facility • Additional Hardware Architectures and Facilities • List and describe the important and most useful CP commands

  4. Control Program (CP) • It provides each user with an individual working virtual machine environment • Every virtual machine is a functional equivalent of a real system, sharing: • Processor functions • Storage • Console • I/O device resources • It provides connectivity support to exchange information and access resources

  5. Real-Machine Resource Manager • CP is a real-machine resource manager • Handles real machine hardware interrupts and all intercepts • Schedules certain real I/O operations • Manages: • Real storage • Expanded storage • Auxiliary storage • CP is the only way to communicate with the real resources on your virtual machine

  6. Read/Punch/Print

  7. Cross-System Extension (CSE) • Allows multiple systems to be coupled together in a complex that provides CSE • Cross-system link extends the existing CP minidisk access protocols

  8. CSE Capabilities

  9. Overview of Setting up a CSE Complex • Provide the hardware connections between the processors • Install the IBM VM/Pass-Through Facility licensed program • Configure z/VM and the supporting programs with the information they need to run the CSE complex

  10. Using CSE as a Hot Backup

  11. Inter-System Facility for Communications • Inter-System Facility for Communications (ISFC) is a function of CP • It enables communications between programs written to: • APPC/VM • Communication Services (CS), which is a group of interconnected VM systems that uses ISFC to communicate with each other • IUCV programming interfaces

  12. The Three Types of Virtual Machines • The three types of VMs are defined by their storage configurations • V=R • CP provides performance benefits for the VM and it must begin at location 0 • V=F • Also provides performance benefits but does not have to start at location 0 • V=V • It does not map the host storage; it pages guest real storage into and out of the host real storage

  13. Real Storage in z/VM

  14. Real Storage in z/VM cont.

  15. V=R & V=F Similarities Store information in the real location Are mapped into contiguous real storage Can have dedicated real processors Have similar I/O interpretations and simulation for shared devices V=R & V=F Differences V=F can have more than one virtual machine running, while V=R can only run one virtual machine V=F does not start at absolute zero V=R must start at absolute 0 V=R has better performance because it does less table translation than V=F Preferred Virtual Machines

  16. Using CP Commands • z/VM uses the CP command language to configure, tune and manipulate resources • To control the resources of the real machine • Processors • I/O devices • Networking devices • To control your virtual machine’s configuration and environment

  17. CP Structure • z/VM’s CP command lines contain a command name and a positional operand • Command names are: • Alphanumeric and less than 12 characters long • Verbs that describe the function • Operands are: • Keywords and symbols 8 characters or less in length • Not required on some commands

  18. Truncations: Shorter form created by dropping one or more letters from the end of the command or operand The uppercase letters in the syntax diagram must remain, but lowercase letters can be omitted For the QUERY command we could use: Query  Full name que  Truncation q  Shortest truncation Abbreviations: Shorter form of command names They appear below the full name of the command in the syntax diagram Operand abbreviations are displayed in the operand description For the MESSAGE command we could use: Message  Full Name Msg  Abbreviation CP Command Truncations and Abbreviations

  19. Virtual Adapters Simulated by a NIC, such as HiperSockets and OSA-Express devices Can be operated by a guest using the same software that would be used to control the equivalent hardware Connectivity for Virtual Adapters Enables VM users to connect virtual network adapters to an emulated LAN When connected to this virtual LAN, users can communicate over a physical LAN segment CP Control Tools: VM Guest LAN

  20. CP Control Tools: VM Dump Tool

  21. Data Mover Facilities • Fast Synchronous Data Mover (FSDM): • Implemented on the G5/G6 models and later processors • Can be used with Hiperpools • Exploited by DB2 to meet increasing demand for improvements on expanded storage price and performance

  22. Cryptographic Facility • Supported by CP • An effective means of protecting data in computers and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure • Involves two types of cryptographic transformation: • Plaintext into ciphertext (encryption) • Ciphertext into plaintext (decryption) • Includes two additional cryptographic processor enhancements: • PCI Cryptographic Accelerator • PCI Cryptographic Coprocessor

  23. Other CP-Supported Hardware Architectures and Facilities • Additional hardware architectures: • IEEE Floating Point Hardware on IBM zSeries • FCP (Fibre Channel Protocol) hardware channel • Additional facilities: • Queued-Direct I/O Facility • Concurrent Sense Facility • ESCON • FICON

  24. CP Commands

  25. Privilege Class Revisited

  26. ATTACH

  27. ATTACH

  28. ATTACH – Usage Notes • Usage Notes: • All DASDs connected to a paging director must be attached to the same user ID • If you attach two DASDs to different users and they are connected in a paging director you will receive an error message • If you log on after the device has been attached, you gain access to the disk • Messages provided by the CP tell you whether devices were successfully attached or if certain devices were not ready and online

  29. DEFINE • The DEFINE command can change your system configuration and allows you to add new commands and setups to your system • Usage Notes: • You can suppress messages from this command by entering  SET IMSG OFF • Using the DEFINE command to alter the configuration of your virtual machine is temporary. Your configuration returns to its original state at the end of the session • Using the DEFINE command for I/O configuration is also temporary, unless you update you I/O configuration program file to make the changes permanent

  30. DEDICATE

  31. DEDICATE – Usage Notes • Defaults for DEDICATE are: • CPU ALL • User ID of the V=R machine • If there are more virtual processors then real processors, the lowest virtual addresses are dedicated first. • Order is not important for CPU and USER. • It is possible to have your dedicated processor become undedicated when some commands are issued after DEDICATE. This can be avoided if you enable automatic dedication.

  32. INDICATE • For privilege Class G, it displays: • Recent contention for system resources • Environment characteristics of your virtual machine • Measurements of resources used by your virtual machine • For privilege Class E (sometimes B or C) it displays: • Detailed information on the use of system resources • The status of currently active virtual machines • Environment characteristics and measurements of resources used by any virtual machine

  33. MESSAGE • The MESSAGE command: • Transmits messages to the virtual console of other active users • Has the format  Messageuserid messtosend • Usage Notes: • Messaging length in the CP environment is limited by the input area of the terminal • The SET MSG OFF command suppresses messages • Messages are displayed only when the display device is ready to receive output • If MSG ALL AT ALL is entered in a CSE, every user in every system receives the message

  34. VARY (Real Device)

  35. VARY – Usage Notes • Usage Notes: • If you specify a list of devices, the summary at the end will list the devices that were varied online or offline • If your devices were varied online, but a success status does not appear and no errors occurred, use the FORCE operand to bring them online • The test operand provides the ability to use VARY for a device that would not normally be allowed by CP

  36. Conclusion • CP manages the resources of a single computer so that multiple computing systems appear to exist • CSE and ISFC help CP work with other virtual machines to create an interconnected environment • Virtual Machines can be set up to run in many different environments, such as V=V, V=R, and V=F • CP-supported facilities show how z/VM can be modified and extended by the CP commands

  37. Glossary Cross System Extensions (CSE)- allows users in up to four interconnected VM systems to participate in a multi-system environment. Inter-System Facility for Communications (ISFC)- provides communications facilities between transaction programs on interconnected z/VM systems. Programmed Operator Facility (PROP)- allows remote control of a virtual machine, enabling limited automation of routine operator activities

  38. Glossary Dynamic Paging Area (DPA)- part of the real storage that CP uses for virtual machine pages. Operands- keywords and symbols that affect command functions. Command names- verbs that describe command functions. In z/VM, they are alphanumeric and less than 12 characters long. Truncations- shorter forms constructed by dropping one or more letters from the end of a command or operand name Abbreviations- short versions of command names

  39. Glossary Asynchronous Data Mover Facility (ADMF)- can offload page move activity onto the I/O processor, freeing the instruction processor Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)- a chip technology used almost universally for processors today Cryptography- an effective means of protecting data in computers and communication systems from unauthorized disclosure ESCON- a set of products and services that use optical fiber technology and dynamically modifiable switches called ESCON Directors

  40. Glossary Fiber optic cables- reduce cable bulk, allowing for an increase in the amount of distance between processors and attached devices, and improved data transfer rates FICON- a fiber optic I/O architecture that coexists with and exploits existing ESCON equipment and infrastructure, but offers improved link performance and enhanced distance connectivity Fast Synchronous Data Mover (FSDM)- replaces ADMF on the G5/G6 and all later processors

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