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Settlement and Diversity in the Middle Colonies

This chapter explores the establishment of New Netherland and its transformation into New York, the founding of New Jersey as a proprietary colony, the religious freedom and cultural diversity in Pennsylvania, and the development of Delaware. It also covers the thriving agriculture and craftsmanship in the middle colonies.

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Settlement and Diversity in the Middle Colonies

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  1. Chapter 5 Settling the Middle Colonies

  2. New Netherland Becomes New York • 1609 – Hudson claims land along Hudson River for Dutch while looking for NW Passage New Amsterdam-Later known as New York

  3. Beginning of New Netherland • 1621 – Dutch West India Company sets up a trading company - New Netherland • 1624 – Sent 30 families to settle • New Amsterdam – center of new colony • Located on Manhattan Island • 1626 – Peter Minuit, governor of colony, buys land for about $24 • Grows slowly • No real reason to move there • Their country was prosperous and tolerant of religions Peter Minuit

  4. Recruiting settlers • Welcomes all people in New England • Gave large tracts of land to anyone who brought 50 settlers • Riverfront property • Patroons ran land as they chose; own laws • New Sweden Established • Fur Trade – brought settlers from Sweden • 1638 – New Sweden formed near Wilmington, Delaware • Dutch view New Sweden as a rival • 1655 – Peter Stuyvesant, governor of New Netherland, seized New Sweden

  5. New English King Takes Over • Civil War in England • Parliament Puritans vs. Charles I supporters • King beheaded for treason • Puritans run country for 11 years • 1660 – King Charles II takes over

  6. 1664 – Charles sends brother, James, Duke of York to seize Dutch colony. • Four English warships anchor at New Amsterdam • Governor Stuyvesant tells colonists to fight back. Fight back! • New Netherland surrenders without a fight • Renamed New York in honor of James

  7. Colonial Government • James becomes proprietor of New York • Allows Dutch to keep their religion, lands, and customs • Religious freedom to all • Colonists had no say in government

  8. New Jersey • New York too large to manage for James • Gave land to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley • Named land “New Jersey” after Carteret’s birthplace • Proprietor colony-King gave large land tracts to friends who rented the land to others • Kept religious freedom • Developed separately until they became a royal colony in 1702

  9. Sir George Carteret

  10. William Penn’s Colonies • Quakers needed a place for religious freedom • Quakers persecuted • Believed all people equals in eyes of God • Refused to take oaths • Women allowed to speak at meetings • Opposed war – would not serve in army • Refused to pay taxes • Did not believe in slavery William Penn

  11. King Charles gave Penn land to repay loan from Penn’s father • Named land Pennsylvania • Pennsylvania – “Penn’s woods” • Based government on religious freedom • Paid Native Americans for land • Attracted German settlers fleeing religious wars • Formed communities that kept alive their customs • Known as Pennsylvania • Dutch

  12. Delaware • Pennsylvania had no seaports • Penn receives grant from KingJames for 3 counties along the Delaware River for trading purposes • Uniting two areas difficult • Delaware could elect their own assembly • Penn was governor • Counties later broke away and formed their own colony, Delaware

  13. Life in the Middle Colonies Farmers Thrived • The Hudson and Delaware Rivers were rich and fertile • Mild Winters • Longer Growing Season than New England

  14. Cash Crops Cash Crops-Surplus (Extra) crops that were sold for money in markets “Breadbasket Colonies” – Exported large quantities of grain

  15. Livestock Eat More Chicken! Don’t Smell the Bacon! Raised • Cattle • Pigs Sent tons of beef, pork and butter to New York and Philadelphia Leave my butter alone!

  16. Craftsman • Pennsylvania-center of manufacturing and crafts • Made hardware, clocks, watches, locks, guns, flints, glass, stoneware, nails, and paper • Mined iron ore that was purified and hammered into nails, tools, and gun parts

  17. Middle Colonial Homes Swedish log cabins

  18. Middle Colonial Homes Dutch Brick Homes

  19. Middle Colonial Homes German wood burning stove-warmer than a fireplace

  20. The Backcountry Great Wagon Road

  21. The Backcountry Scotch-Irish Settlers • Made wooden dishes • Gathered honey • Hunted wild animals

  22. The Backcountry Pennsylvania Rifle- “could hit a rattlesnake between the eyes from a hundred yards”

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