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Unit 7 – A World in Crisis

Unit 7 – A World in Crisis. 1922 - 1945. The Great Depression. 1929 - 1932. Stock Market Crash. October 29, 1929 “Black Tuesday” Lost a full year’s profits in just 1 day. The Business Cycle. Economy natural goes through periods of growth and decline

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Unit 7 – A World in Crisis

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  1. Unit 7 – A World in Crisis 1922 - 1945

  2. The Great Depression 1929 - 1932

  3. Stock Market Crash • October 29, 1929 • “Black Tuesday” • Lost a full year’s profits in just 1 day

  4. The Business Cycle • Economy natural goes through periods of growth and decline • Periods of growth are called expansions • Periods of decline are called recessions • Periods of massive decline are called depressions

  5. What caused the Depression? • Over-production • People weren’t buying the goods being made • An unequal distribution of wealth • Steep drop in international trade

  6. Hitting Home • Unemployment skyrocketed • By 1932, unemployment had hit 20%!

  7. The Great Depression & Today’s Recession • Caused by poor consumer credit and unpaid debts • Peak unemployment of 23% • Problem solved by massive government spending • New Deal • Prep. for WWII • Caused by poor consumer credit and unpaid debts • Peak unemployment of just under 10% • Problem solved by ??? Great Depression Today’s Recession

  8. The New Deal 1932

  9. Election of 1932 • FDR crushes Hoover, becomes the 32nd president • “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself.” • Passed many programs during the Hundred Days to battle the Depression • The New Deal

  10. Critics of the New Deal • Some believed the New Deal expanded the power of the Federal govt. too far • Also too expensive • (Right side belief, such as Republican or Libertarian) • Others thought the New Deal didn’t go far enough • Government should do more • (Far left side belief, such as Green or Communist)

  11. Did the New Deal Work? • It changed American life, and greatly expanded the role of the government • Some critics felt that it didn’t lead to full recovery • Supporters feel it saved the U.S. from total collapse • As well as prevented future depressions

  12. End of the Great Depression • By 1939, Japan was threatening the Pacific • Germany was threatening Europe • Roosevelt began authorizing massive government spending on military preparation • This spending is considered to have finally brought the U.S. out of the Great Depression

  13. Causes of WWII Totalitarianism in Europe (1922-1939)

  14. The Rise of Totalitarianism • Totalitarianism = political system in which the government controls every aspect of citizen’s lives • Found in Germany and Italy • Economies were devastated by WWI • Italy was the first to move toward this type of govt.

  15. Benito Mussolini • Comes to power in Italy in 1922 • Leader of the Blackshirts • Established fascism

  16. Japanese Aggression • Military leaders want to seize new lands • In 1931, Japan invades Manchuria • Japan alsobeganamassing a large navy

  17. Adolf Hitler • Germany was the hardest hit by the Treaty of Versailles • Left Germans looking for strong leadership • 1932 - National Socialist Party (Nazis) win 37 percent of national vote • 1933 - Hitler becomes the German Chancellor

  18. Adolf Hitler (Cont.) • Hitler was a WWI veteran • Very bitter about Germany’s loss • Wrote the book Mein Kampf while in prison • Blamed Communists, intellectuals, and especially Jews for Germany’s defeat

  19. Nazi Aggression • Hitler took dictatorial power - the Fuhrer • created the Third Reich • a hostile German Empire • Hitler rebuilds the German Army and occupies the Rhineland • In violation of the Treaty of Versailles

  20. Nazi Aggression (Cont.) • In 1936, Italy and Germany form the Axis Powers • Kristallnacht = the night of broken glass • Nazis destroy Jewish businesses and synagogues, kill 91 Jews and injure over 200 • Nazis also make it illegal for Jews to hold public office or become citizens

  21. Nazi Aggression (Cont.) • In 1938, Hitler demands the return of the Sudetenland from Czechoslovakia to Germany • It is given toGermany at the Munich Conference

  22. Appeasement • = giving in to an aggressor to keep the peace • This practice was severely criticized by Winston Churchill • British politician who would become the PM

  23. Start of the War in Europe • 1939 - Germany invades Czechoslovakia • Also demanded land from Poland • Again, appeasement is used • 1939 - Germany invades Poland • French and British Armies respond • The United States remains neutral

  24. Summary Activity: • Write a paragraph (in your notebooks where you attach your Cloze notes) in which you critique the actions of Britain and France during this time period. Do you think they acted correctly? Why or why not?

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