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Collaborative, Comparative, Comprehensive Research in Rural Canada: observations and implications

Tom Beckley David Bruce Omer Chouinard Ivan Emke Greg Halseth Bruno Jean Patrice LeBlanc Dianne Looker. Diane Martz Solange Nadeau John Parkins Steve Plante Doug Ramsey Richard Stedman Ellen Wall Derek Wilkinson Anna Woodrow.

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Collaborative, Comparative, Comprehensive Research in Rural Canada: observations and implications

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  1. Tom Beckley David Bruce Omer Chouinard Ivan Emke Greg Halseth Bruno Jean Patrice LeBlanc Dianne Looker Diane Martz Solange Nadeau John Parkins Steve Plante Doug Ramsey Richard Stedman Ellen Wall Derek Wilkinson Anna Woodrow Collaborative, Comparative, Comprehensive Research in Rural Canada: observations and implications Bill Reimer and Ray Bollman with the NRE2 Team reimer@vax2.concordia.ca 2005/07/12

  2. Observations - 1 • Rural Canada is diverse • Primary industries are shedding labour • Manufacturing and services competitive • Social capital is critical • Environment more important • Knowledge-intensive employment growing • Communication and transportation price falling

  3. Observations - 2 • Youth leaving, families returning • Industry has concentrated • Government services more centralized • Rural aging fastest • Rural perceived as safe • Immigration strong • Rural and urban Canada are interdependent

  4. Rural Canada is diverse

  5. A Preliminary Typology of CanadaWestern Canada

  6. A Preliminary Typology of CanadaEastern Canada

  7. Lead Lag 175 27 46 15 251 13 124 44 Adjac. 4 26 8 19 Distant 5 16 18 30 Fluctu-ating Adjac. 4 5 4 9 Distant 12 16 5 13 Stable Adjac. 12 100 7 45 Distant 15 99 16 56 The NRE Sample Frame High Capacity Low Capacity Lead Lag Global Exposed Fluctu-ating Adjac. Distant Stable Local Exposed

  8. NRE…The Rural Observatory …an International Network

  9. Global exposure means low population growth Constant boundary CSDs

  10. Policy Implications - 1 • Manage tradeoffs: commodity economies and community vitality • Regional collaboration strategic • Local adaptation to policies critical • Local learning and power critical

  11. Social capital is critical

  12. Common Focus RELATIONS & CHOICES Bureaucratic Market Associative Communal OUTCOMES • Economic wealth • Social and political inclusion • Social Cohesion • Environmental security • Social and self-worth • Health • Personal security ASSETS • Economic Capital • Human Skills and Abilities • Social Capital • Natural Resources outcomes can become new assets and liabilities

  13. Market Bureaucratic Associative Communal The Type of Social Relation Matters High Capacity = Agility with all systems

  14. Social capital is changing • From Associative and Communal to Market and Bureaucratic • From local to regional • These changes stress local voluntary groups • Market and associative support economic performance • Stresses and impacts vary by context

  15. Context Matters for Capacity HH Income by Associative Social Capital and Global Exposure The use of social capital increases HH incomes …but not if exposure to the global economy is low Public expenditure on associative social capital will have higher impact in globally exposed sites NRE HH Survey 2001 (N=1698) Adj. R2 = .04

  16. Policy Implications - 2 • Available social capital is not always used • Social capital is not always positive • Social capital norms can undermine alliances • Context affects social capital impacts

  17. Rural and Urban are Interdependent

  18. Rural and Urban Interdependence • Trade and commerce • Goods, Finance, Services, People, Information • Functional integration • Carbon sequestration, water protection, recreation • Institutional integration • Health, education, social economy, NGOs, family • Common environments • Water, air, climate • Common identities • Local, regional, national, international

  19. Policy Implications - 3 • Rural largely on their own • Look to urban interests • Strategic interdependence • Food, water, environment • Develop common forums • Research interdependence

  20. Conclusions • Social dynamics require depth of analysis • Contextual conditions require comparison • Distance and complexity require collaboration • Marginalization requires initiative • Collaborative, comparative, comprehensive research produces useful results

  21. Collaborative, Comparative, Comprehensive Research in Rural Canada: observations and implications The New Rural Economy Project http://nre.concordia.ca http://www.crrf.ca 2005/07/12 reimer@vax2.concordia.ca

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