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De-identification of Facial Images by Use of Composites. *Mark E. Engelstad MD, DDS, MHI Oregon Health & Science University Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dept Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology Genevieve B. Melton, MD, MA University of Minnesota
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De-identification of Facial Images by Use of Composites *Mark E. Engelstad MD, DDS, MHI Oregon Health & Science University Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Dept Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology Genevieve B. Melton, MD, MA University of Minnesota Institute for Health Informatics Department of Surgery Medbiquitous Annual Symposium, Baltimore MD May 10, 2011
Pre-op De-identification + = Original injury Periorbital area
The Questions: Do composites de-identify faces? Even those that are well-known to an observer? Are facial composites realistic in appearance?
Figure 2: A comparison of two techniques for facial image de-identification. The middle image (B) is the original image. (A) black boxes only. (C) a facial composite, altered in the area of eyes and eyebrows only.
This is a PRE-operative patient This is a POST-operative patient I recognize this patient
Faces Me Subjects viewed the composite faces twice—first unaware that the faces were composites, and then primed to the presence of composites.
Test Face Test Face • Subjects viewed 20 composite faces • 10/20 had a third of a familiar face (test face)
Results No subjects identified test faces unless they were primed to their presence (* p < 0.001).
Table 2: Identification of Test faces after priming--compared by facial region. Percentages of subjects who correctly identified a familiar face when regions of that face were visible in the composite image are shown (true positives). In Test Face B, a significant difference (* p<0.01) in identification rate existed between Upper Face and Midface. Test Face A Midface was recognized correctly more often than Test Face B Midface (†p<0.01)
Black Boxes Original Composite, Eyes only
Making a Facial Composite 1: Photoshop 2: A Library
4: Size all images to a standard (800 x1200) 5: Align the facial features 6: Create a Layer Mask 7: Use a Brush to reveal deeper layer 8: Blend the edges between the two layers 9: Correct Color Tones