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obuchenie. Zone of Proximal Development. “What can my child accomplish with assistance?”. Scaffolding. Scaffolding. A worker uses a scaffold to work on an area of the building that is out of reach. Tharpe and Gallimore’s 4 Stages of Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development.
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A worker uses a scaffold to work on an area of the building that is out of reach.
Tharpe and Gallimore’s 4 Stages of Vygotsky’sZone of Proximal Development R. G. Tharpe & R. Gallimore (1988). Rousing Minds to Life (p.35)
Adapted from the work of Jeffrey Wilhelm, Tanya Baker, and Julie Dube.
Avoid bungee jumpingas a teaching practice! www.queenstownadventure.com
How do these kinds of reading activities provide scaffolding for students? • Read-aloud/Modeled reading • Shared reading • Guided reading • Independent reading
I do, you watch Read-Aloud / Modeled Reading
Scaffolding Read Aloud/Modeled Reading • Teacher demonstrates proficient reading. • Teacher models strategies used by proficient readers. • Teacher expands access to text beyond the students’ independent or instructional reading levels. • Teacher exposes children to a variety of genres and text structures. • Teacher uses think-aloud “conversations” to share the proficient reader’s strategies for figuring out words, improving comprehension, and understanding texts. • Student listens to the proficient reader.
Shared Reading I do, you help
Scaffolding Shared Reading: • Teacher models and teaches reading strategies. • Teacher extends understanding of the reading process. • Teacher reads and invites the students to read along with him/her when the teacher chooses. • Teacher selects a big book, chart, or material on an overhead/document projector to “share” the text with the students. Teacher points to the words being read. (Modification: Students have copies of the book and point to words as they read along with the teacher when invited.) • Student reads along with the proficient reader and practices with the support of the competent reader.
You do, I help Guided Reading
Guided Reading: • Teacher acts as a guide (“backseat driver”). • Teacher reinforces strategies and skills. • Teacher engages the students in questioning and discussion. • Student does the reading. • Student practices the strategies. • Student builds independence.
Independent Reading You do, I watch
Independent Reading: • Student selects the text. • Student practices at his or her independent level. • Time allocated for practice demonstrates the value of reading. • Student practices new skills and strategies in his/her reading. • Student is afforded the opportunity for strategic behaviors to become internalized, automatized and/or fossilized.
Literacy Centers - A Time For Practice “The emphasis of literacy centers is on practice -meaningful, independent practice - without the teacher’s assistance. It is a time for students to practice all that the teacher has been modeling. Thus, activities placed at the literacy centers grow out of what the teacher has done during read-aloud, shared reading, modeled writing, shared writing, small group instruction, content area instruction, and so on…” Diller, Practice With Purpose, p.4
How does a teacher scaffold students’ learning while expecting them to work unassisted?
Coaching Resources • Riverdeep/Learning Village www.duvalschools.org • Just Read, Florida! www.justreadflorida.com • Florida Center for Reading Research www.fcrr.org • Florida Literacy and Reading Excellence Center http://flare.ucf.edu/
Credits: The digital images included in this slide show came from the following sources. • Kamalayan – www.flickr.com • Gloria Bxevanis – www.flickr.com • dj webbiz – www.morguefile.com • anneberit – www.flickr.com • www.cabotcialak4.googlepages • http://dukes.stark.k12.oh.us • www.learningtoread.ecsd.net • www.wfu.edu • www.capaa.wa.gov • www.queenstownadventure.com