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GENETICS

GENETICS. Chromosomes and DNA. Instructions. Clicking the picture of the Chromosome takes you forward. Clicking on the DNA strand takes you to the previous slide. Try it out now!. Remember…. Click for a refresher. Getting married early this year?

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GENETICS

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  1. GENETICS Chromosomes and DNA

  2. Instructions Clicking the picture of the Chromosome takes you forward. Clicking on the DNA strand takes you to the previous slide. Try it out now!

  3. Remember… Click for a refresher. • Getting married early this year? • Taking about our families and who we look the most like? That’s my family.

  4. Phenotypes and Genotypes • Remember using the Punnett Square to get the phenotypes and genotypes. • The phenotype is 75% brown 25% blue, or because phenotypes are the physical characteristics. • Genotypes suggest that 75% of children will at least carry the blue eyes gene, it’s the seen and unseen B b Mother father B b Brown eyes = B and blue eyes = b

  5. Now We’re Going to… • learn about what’s in chromosomes • talk about the different kinds of DNA.

  6. Dominant and Recessive Genes • Dominant genes mask recessive genes. • Recessive genes hide behind dominant ones. • Co-Dominant genes work together to form a new possibility like when the red and white flowers mixed together to make pink.

  7. Click on the objects to learn about them. Then when you are finished reviewing each section take a review quiz. DNA Review quiz Chromosomes Review Quiz

  8. Chromosomes in general… • Chromosomes house genes which hold DNA • They are thread-like and microscopic • Chromosomes aren’t happy by themselves, each one has to have a partner or a pair. • They find their pair because it matches in size and shape. • One pair by itself is called a chromatid • Chromosomes can be mapped out on a Karyotype • There are two types of chromosomes.

  9. Click on the part about chromosomes you want to learn about. Autosomal Sex Chromosomes Karyotype

  10. Karyotypes • Scientist make Karyotypes of chromosomes to show how they pair up. • They use chromosome smears and sort through it all to make the diagram • This is how we see individual chromatids Chromosome smear

  11. Autosomal Chromosomes • Autosomal Chromosomes (or autosomes) are anything except sex chromosomes • Humans have 22 pairs which makes for 44 autosomes in total. • These guys carry most of the genetic material in your body!

  12. Sex Chromosomes • Each human has 2 sex chromosomes that determine their gender, or sex. • There are two types of sex chromosomes, X and Y. XX XY Female Male

  13. The Facts about DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA are found on the chromosome • DNA is referred to as a “genetic blueprint” it tells the body how to look and act. • DNA molecules look like a twisty ladder called the double-helix • DNA has it’s very own alphabet that we’ll learn about in a later slide.

  14. DNA Code • Much like binary code on a computer DNA has a system that helps it to code for the types of characteristics in your body. • The letters are A, T, C and G • Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C ) always pairs to Guanine (G) • Putting a bunch of these paired letters together makes a strand of genes • To learn more about the structure of DNA check out this video on YouTube • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  15. DNA Review Quiz • Questions 1 What is the shape of a DNA molecule? • A circle • The double- helix • A straight ladder

  16. The Facts about DNA • Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA are found on the chromosome • DNA is referred to as a “genetic blueprint” it tells the body how to look and act. • DNA molecules look like a twisty ladder called the double-helix • DNA has it’s very own alphabet that we’ll learn about in a later slide.

  17. Question 2 • What is created by a long sequence of AT GC? • Autosomes • Karyotype • Genes

  18. DNA Code • Much like binary code on a computer DNA has a system that helps it to code for the types of characteristics in your body. • The letters are A, T, C and G • Adenine (A) always pairs with Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C ) always pairs to Guanine (G) • Putting a bunch of these paired letters together makes a strand of genes • To learn more about the structure of DNA check out this video on YouTube • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qy8dk5iS1f0

  19. Chromosome Review Quiz • Question 1 • What’s another name for autosomal chromosomes? • Autochromes • Autosomes • A chromosomes

  20. Autosomal Chromosomes • Autosomal Chromosomes (or autosomes) are anything except sex chromosomes • Humans have 22 pairs which makes for 44 autosomes in total. • These guys carry most of the genetic material in your body!

  21. Question 2 • What sex chromosomes, when combined, mean the baby will be male? • YY • XX • XY

  22. Sex Chromosomes • Each human has 2 sex chromosomes that determine their gender, or sex. • There are two types of sex chromosomes, X and Y. XX XY Female Male

  23. Question 3 • What’s a non-paired chromosome called? • Chromatid • Chromite • Single-chromosome

  24. Chromosomes in general… • Chromosomes house genes which hold DNA • They are thread-like and microscopic • Chromosomes aren’t happy by themselves, each one has to have a partner or a pair. • They find their pair because it matches in size and shape. • One pair by itself is called a chromatid • Chromosomes can be mapped out on a Karyotype • There are two types of chromosomes.

  25. Question 4 • What’s a karyotype? • The diagram showing the pairing of chromatids • Artwork of genes made by scientists • A type of karaoke

  26. Karyotypes • Scientist make Karyotypes of chromosomes to show how they pair up. • They use chromosome smears and sort through it all to make the diagram • This is how we see individual chromatids Chromosome smear

  27. Final Quiz • This is a 10 question quiz that it’s meant to prepare you for an exam. Inbetween questions you may NOT review but you can go back and try again. When you get the answers correctly you can move along to the next question. • I hope this helps you review for you exam.

  28. Question 1 Genes with co-dominance do what? • Combine to form a new trait • Repel each other • Separate forming two different kinds of traits.

  29. Correct!!!!! • Remember the pink flowers discussed earlier in class? White Red Pink

  30. Try Again “Wilting Flower” by TaliMarotz

  31. Question 2 Recessive genes are masked by… • Autosomes • Dominant genes • Karyotypes

  32. Try Again

  33. Awesome B b B B The dominant (B) masks the recessive (b) to makes a phenotype of 100% B.

  34. Question 3 What can Punnett Squares help us see? • Phenotypes and genotypes • Autosomes and sex chromosomes • Karyotypes and genotypes

  35. Yup!! Punnett Squares help us determine what percent of a mixing of genes is in phenotypes and genotypes.

  36. Oh No!

  37. Question 4 What do chromosomes look like? • Tiny and square • Big and triangular • Tiny and thread-like

  38. Good Work!

  39. Oops...

  40. Question 5 Chromosomes hold… • Genes • DNA • All of the above

  41. Alright!

  42. Uh Oh!

  43. Question 6 What are the two types of chromosomes called? • Karyotypes and autosomes • Autosomal and sex chromosomes • Sex chromosomes and karyotypes

  44. Nice Job! Autosomal chromosomes Sex Chromosomes

  45. Sorry….try again…

  46. Question 7 What do karyotypes do? • Map out chromosomes • Show matching chromatids • Both A and B

  47. YES!

  48. Sorry

  49. Question 8 How many pairs of autosomes do humans have? • 44 • 23 • 22

  50. Right On! We have 44 autsomes, but when they pair up they pair up they make 22 matches.

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