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More possibilities for CHP/DH in the European heat markets

More possibilities for CHP/DH in the European heat markets. Sven Werner Department of Energy and Environment Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden. ECOHEATCOOL – District Heating (Work Package 4).

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More possibilities for CHP/DH in the European heat markets

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  1. More possibilities for CHP/DH in the European heat markets Sven Werner Department of Energy and Environment Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  2. ECOHEATCOOL – District Heating (Work Package 4) • Main purpose: Overall quantification of the benefits of expanded use of district heating in Europe • Target area: EU25 + ACC4 + EFTA3 = 32 countries • Information source: IEA Energy Balances with some additions from Eurostat • Heat unit used: All heat volumes are expressed in Joule (MJ, GJ, TJ, PJ, or EJ) • Reference year: 2003 Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  3. Outline • District heat demand • District heat generated with origin • Strategic heat source options for DH • Institutional and market barriers • Implications from improved heat generation and doubling heat sales • Conclusions Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  4. Demand – Heat Dominates End Use Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  5. Demand –Natural Gas and Electricity dominate Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  6. Demand –Summary for the target area for 2003 • More than 5000 district heating systems in operation • District heat deliveries: 2,0 EJ • District heat generated: 2,3 EJ • Total net heat demand in the industrial, residential, and service sectors: 20,8 EJ • Corresponding electricity demand: 10,2 EJ (omitting the transportation and agricultural sectors) Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  7. District heat generated Figure 2. The composition for the energy supply in district heat generation during 2003. When CHP plants were used, the energy allocation principle was used (assuming equal conversion efficiency for power and heat). 6 countries omitted due to no or very low district heat supply (Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Malta, Spain, and Turkey). Source: IEA Energy Balances with own corrections. Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  8. District heat generated Figure 5. Renewable and recovered shares in heat generated during 2003. 6 countries omitted due to no or very low district heat supply (Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Malta, Spain, and Turkey). Source: IEA Energy Balances with own corrections. Recovered heat is here defined as the sum of heat from fossil and nuclear CHP together with surplus heat recovered from industrial processes and with heat pumps. Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  9. Five Major Strategic Heat Source Options • Combined heat and power (CHP) and also called cogeneration • Waste incineration • Surplus heat from industries and refineries • Geothermal heat • Fuel difficult to manage and handle in small boilers (wood waste, olive residues, etc) Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  10. Strategic Heat Source Options Figure 21. Summary of the five strategic district heat sources with the current contributions to the district heat generated during 2003. Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  11. Institutional and market barriers • Low fuel and electricity prices • Short term investment preferred • Inappropriate legal frameworks • Energy supply focus in energy policies • Price regulations with social considerations • Distorted market prices • Inappropriate cost allocations • Ownership shifts Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  12. District Heating Systems Do Not Grow! Figure 1. Development of district heat delivered between 1992 and 2003 for various parts of the world. Source: (IEA, 2005) with own corrections for some European countries. Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  13. Doubling heat sales Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  14. Improved district heat generation and doubling heat sales Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  15. Profitability Figure 24. The overall profitability for a district heating system recovering existing heat losses. The analysis is only based on the international oil price and the heat distribution investment cost, since the alternative is to use a fossil fuel instead of district heating. The various recovery factors reflect that recovered heat losses can not cover the whole heat demand in the district heating system. A heat recovery factor of 0,6 means that 60 % of the district heat demand is covered by recovered heat losses and 40 % from fossil fuels. Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  16. Implications from improved district heat generation and doubling heat sales • Higher energy efficiency: Will reduce primary energy supply with 2,1 EJ/year ( = primary energy supply of Sweden) • Higher security of supply: Will reduce the import dependency with 4,5 EJ/year ( = primary energy supply of Poland) • Lower carbon dioxide emissions: Will annually be reduced with 400 million tons, corresponding to 9,3 % of the current emissions ( = current emissions of France from fuel combustion) Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  17. Conclusions 1 • International energy statistics can be improved with respect to district heat • Higher renewable share in current district heating systems compared to all primary energy supply • The possible supply from the strategic heat source options are many times higher than the current net heat demand Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  18. Conclusions 2 • Major institutional and market barriers appear • A potential for expansion of district heating exists • More than 5000 European district heating systems contribute to higher energy efficiency, higher security of supply, and lower carbon dioxide emissions Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  19. Conclusions 3 • Large countries can learn from small countries Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

  20. The End Thank you for your attention! Euroheat & Power Conference, Brussels, June 22, 2006

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