HOMEWORK

1. HOMEWORK Go to Mrs. Perdue’s webpage and click the SOUTHWEST ASIA link. Next, click the VIDEO ASSIGNMENT link. View the video The Holocaust: A Teenager’s View and complete one of the assignments indicated on the webpage. ASSIGNMENT DUE SEPTEMBER 30TH.

2. 1. During World War I, the Arabs who were living in the Ottoman Empire supported the Allied forces who were fighting against the Ottoman Turks. What was the outcome for the Arabs after World War I? • The Arabs were ruled by European nations instead of gaining independence. • B. The Arabs united to create an Arab state in the Middle East. • C. The Arabs became allies of the Ottoman Turks. • D. The Arabs defeated the Ottoman Turks and the Europeans.

3. Religious groups are different than ethnic groups because most religious groups • require a common ancestry. • do not exist in Africa. • are not dependent on ancestry. • have more shared culture than ethnic groups.

4. 3. Today, in the Middle East there are many conflicts that stem from where the boundaries of the countries are drawn. Many boundaries either include groups that have historically opposed each other or split groups with commonalities into different countries. This problem is largely a consequence of • the way Europe divided the region after the fall of the Ottoman Empire. • treaties that came after World War II. • interference from North America and East Asia as they battled for control of the region. • the natural distribution of resources in the region.

9. When the Jews left Israel for other places in the world, this was called the • Genesis • Exodus • Diaspora • Holocaust

10. It was called the Diaspora. Diaspora means scattering of people. The Holy Land where Bible events occurred was promised in the Old Testament to Moses. The Jews had at one time ruled Israel but when other empires controlled the Holy Land, many Jews left. They moved to places all over the world. In some places they were accepted and treated well, as in the Muslim Empire (why?), while in others they suffered abuse.

11. Jews were treated particularly badly by the Europeans. Jews were slaughtered by the Crusaders traveling across Europe to the Holy Land in the 11th and 12th centuries. They were accused of causing the Black Death in the 14th century and massacred for their guilt, and the list goes on. There was, however, no situation as devastating as the Holocaust. During World War II, six million Jews were killed just for being Jewish. Many more were imprisoned and tortured.

12. Genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:(a) Killing members of the group;(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part; (d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; (e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.

13. The Holocaust

14. What was the Holocaust? The Holocaust was a period of time from 1939 -1945 that included events like the wholesale persecution, enslavement and murder of millions of Jews and Christians by Germans and their collaborators.

15. Was there a difference between the persecution and murder of Jews, and the persecution and murder of Christians? The Jewish people were singled out because they were Jews for the purpose of destroying the entire race. The Christians were only target if they were opposed to the government or considered undesirables (There were millions of Gypsies also placed in concentration camps because they were considered undesirables).

16. How many Jewish people were murdered during the Holocaust? According to Nazi records over 6 million Jews were murdered. Over 1 million of the murdered were children and babies.

17. How many Christians were murdered? Over 5 million Christians were murdered including 200,647 Polish Catholic Priests.

18. What was the final solution? A genocidal decree implemented by the Nazis 1942 which made killing and persecution of Jews legal. The goal was to murder all Jewish people in Europe and any other country they occupied.

19. What is meant by anti-Semitism? Anti-Semitism is the expressed hatred towards Jewish people as individuals, Judaism as a religion or the Jewish people as a group.

20. What were some of the anti-Semitic decrees imposed upon the Jewish people in Europe? Jewish shops and businesses were boycotted, Jewish property looted and Jewish books burned, Jews were humiliated in public, and forced to wear a yellow star to identify them as Jews.

21. What was a ghetto? Walled section of the city to which Jewish people were restricted. It isolated Jews from the Christian community to prevent Jews from escaping the Nazi roundups to the concentration camps.

22. What is Nazism? Nazism was a political system in Germany from 1933 to 1945. It was a dictatorship that used terror and murder to achieve their goals and objectives of dominance.

23. Who was Hitler? The leader of the Nazi party that sanctioned persecution of the Jews. He organized the first terror organization.

24. What was the Gestapo? The Gestapo was a secret police organization in Germany that use terror, torture and death to destroy any opposition to the Nazi regime.

25. What is a Swastika? An ancient symbol or ornament used in the past as a religious sign. In 1920, it was adopted as the symbol for the Nationalist Party of Germany by Hitler and came to be associated with all of the evils associated with the Nazi’s. It is banned in Germany today.

26. What is meant by an extermination camp? Extermination camps were places were Jews of all ages were transported to in freight trains from all over Europe to be shipped out to slave labor camps or to be murdered.

27. What happened to the victims once they arrived in a death camp? Upon arrival, Nazi leaders determined those who would be sent to slave labor camps based on their fitness and those who would be put to death because of age (too young or too old) or because of poor health.

28. What happened to the victims that the Nazi officer considered unfit? Victims considered unfit were taken to a building where they thought they were taking a shower. Instead, a poisonous gas was released once the victims were inside and the doors were locked. Within 15 minutes as many as 2000 Jews were murdered.

29. Their bodies were taken to the ovens of the crematoriums where their bodies were reduced to ash.

30. A prisoner who has been subjected to low pressure experimentation. For the benefit of the Luftwaffe, air pressures were created comparable to those found at 15,000 meters in altitude, in an effort to determine how high German pilots could fly and survive. (March - August 1942) A prisoner being suspended and subjected to low pressure experimentation. (March - August 1942)

31. A prisoner in a special chamber responds to changing air pressure during high-altitude experiments. Look carefully at his hands. (March - August 1942)

32. Sacks of human hair packed for dispatch to Germany. The women had their hair cut prior to gassing. In Auschwitz warehouses 7,000 kilos of human hair was found at liberation. (January 1945)

33. Survivors in hospital barracks 2 (for Jews) after liberation. The young man second from the right in the front row is 16 year-old George Havas. (May 8, 1945)

34. Austrian civilians load corpses onto a cart that will transport the bodies to a mass grave. (May 5 - May 12, 1945)

35. German troops look on as a group of Jews --all but one of whom are women-- dig ditches in a fenced-in lot in Krakow. (1939 - 1940)

36. Six-year old Anna and three-year Jon Klein, the children of Aladar Klein. Both perished in Auschwitz. (1942) An American soldier stands above the corpses of children that are to be buried in a mass grave dug by German civilians from the nearby town of Nordhausen. (April 14, 1945)

37. Jewish prisoners of war in the Mauthausen concentration camp. Austria, January 1942.

38. Prisoners' bodies laid out in a mass grave. (Mauthausen) (May 10-15, 1945)

39. Starved survivors in Ebensee. (May 8, 1945)

41. How would you feel about living in a place that would allow such atrocities to occur? Where would you go?

42. Displaced Person Term generally used for people who survived the concentration camps and were left homeless.

43. Many Jews did not want to stay in Europe after WWII was over. They DID want to go someplace where they could feel safe, the land promised to them in the Bible. Thus, Zionism, the movement to establish a Jewish state in Israel, grew out of the tortures and murders in Europe. Jews wanted to have a land of their own in Israel (which they also called Zion).

44. The Problem: There were already people living in what was then called Palestine – Arab Muslims called Palestinians. The Jews were not necessarily intending to force the Palestinians off the land, but the Palestinians didn’t want Jews taking their land and didn’t want to share their land with the Jews The British tried to keep the Jews from going to Palestine after the war. The Jews were coming into Palestine anyway, illegally.

45. The Decline of the Ottoman Empire

46. The World War I Peace Settlement

47. The Partition of Palestine

48. The Rise of Arab Nationalism

49. Anti-Semitism Expressed hostility to Jews as individuals, to Judaism as a religion, and to the Jewish people as a group. It manifests itself through social ostracism, economic boycotts, legislative restrictions, physical attacks, exile and murder.

50. VIDEO "A Teenager's Experience"