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Analytical and synthetic expressions in Chinese and English

Analytical and synthetic expressions in Chinese and English. See the last slide for a list of references. 1. Lexicalization. the process of making a word to express a concept (TheFreeDictionary)

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Analytical and synthetic expressions in Chinese and English

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  1. Analytical and synthetic expressions in Chinese and English See the last slide for a list of references

  2. 1. Lexicalization • the process of making a word to express a concept (TheFreeDictionary) • the realization of a meaning in a single word or morpheme rather than in a grammatical construction (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary) • A language has lexicalized a concept when it uses a word or other lexical items to represent this concept (from the article and ppt about Language Universals).

  3. 2. Two kinds of expressions • Analytic Expression （分析型表达法) : description • Water is falling from the sky. • Synthetic Expression（综合型表达法）: lexicalized • It is raining. • Degree of lexicalization: Is English higher than Chinese? • Most say yes. • How can you prove this?

  4. 2.1 Analytic Expressions • English syntactic causative structure often using: make/have/get +object +complement. • e.g. The pain made him cry out. • Chinese: 使/令/让 + object +complement • e.g. 这则新闻使大家振奋了精神 (zhe ze xin wen shi da jia zhen fen le jing shen.)

  5. 2.1 English Synthetic Expression and some Chinese equivalents • Derivation words constructed by affixes en-enrich　　　　　　使…富有 Eager to enrich the treasury, the Crown began a rapid development of these resources. 金钱不能让人富有，只有产生金钱的资产才使你富有！ dis-dispirit 使…沮丧 The presence of the Colonel walking at her side was dispiriting. 因一个委托任务，使我心情非常沮丧

  6. -fyidentify　　　　　 使…等同于 The source of this paradox is not difficult to identify. VB中怎样设置使按键盘上的按钮等同于点击设置的按钮_百度知道 -ize modernize　　　　 使…现代化 We should modernize our country. 中国政治文化为什么没有使中国走向现代化道路

  7. Zero derivation (Conversion): • Noun → Verb • Chinese? light 光 → 使…发光 • We lit the room with a lamp. • 用手就能使灯泡发光的电灯泡

  8. Single-morpheme words (simple words) excite 使兴奋，使激动

  9. Examples of L1 interference • Study knowledge --- to learn

  10. Pedagogical suggestions • Give exercises showing differences. • Give writing exercises where students should not use the verb “to be” or “have/had” or any of the other causatives listed above.

  11. References • Many thanks to Kiki Wang in year 4 who provided the ideas and much of the material for this ppt. • 陈定安（2006）- 《英汉比较与翻译》pp.48-49, 63-64, 72, 129-138 • 何善芬 （2002）-《英汉语言对比研究》pp.104-112 • lexicalization (2003-2008), TheFreeDictionary. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from http://www.thefreedictionary.com/lexicalization • lexicalization. (2010). In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Retrieved May 15, 2010, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/lexicalization • 严佳，卞浩宇（2007）- “从词化程度看英汉使役关系表达的异同” from: http://wy.yuloo.com/wenzhang/2008-02-06/71830.html • 白国芳（2007）- “英汉动词词化模式及词化程度比较分析” • 陈文（2007.11）- “中英文中红，白，黑颜色习语的翻译”

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