FAASTeam CFI Workshop #5

1. FAASTeam CFI Workshop #5 Module 5, Core Topics 9 and 10: • Safety Trends in GA • Risk Management

2. Safety Trends: In this module, we: • Learn lessons from an NTSB report • Introduce the Nall Report • Understand frequent accident categories • Strategies to prevent them

3. PRESCRIPTION FOR AN ACCIDENT Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

4. Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

5. The pilot owned his plane for 19 years. Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

6. No evidence of any maintenance of any kind for YEARS! Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

7. Right-side fuel cap Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

8. 1 2 From the carburetor – where’s the fuel? 3 Photos courtesy LOU FSDO

9. Photo courtesy LOU FSDO All these prescriptions belonged to the pilot. All were in the plane and were being taken at the time of the flight.

10. Buckle is tucked in between the seat cushion and the spring! Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

11. What is this? Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

12. Pilot was a fatality. Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

13. Links in this accident chain. . . • Lack of Maintenance • Lack of Preflight • Medical Condition • Medications • Get to LEX-itis • Lack of Seatbelt/Harness use You are thinking, “I would never do that” … BUT

14. The Real Cause Was Getting comfortable with poor habits. He no longer saw anything wrong with his personal operating standards.

15. Lessons Learned • Re-evaluate habits • Never get too comfortable in our habits • Discipline to make needed changes • Allow others to evaluate us Photo courtesy Cessna Pilot Centers

16. Watch for complacencyEncourage safe operating standardsDuring flight reviews and aircraft checkouts, you must bring pilots with bad habits back into proper perspective. Lessons for CFIs

17. Photo courtesy LOU FSDO

18. NTSB Reports

19. Yearly Accident Trend Summary Source: 2008 AOPA Nall Report

20. 2007 Personal Flight Accident Trend 39.4% of all GA flying 69.1% of total accidents 72.9% of fatal accidents Source: 2008 AOPA Nall Report

21. 2007 Pilot Related Accident Trends Weather Maneuvering Descent/Approach Source: 2008 AOPA Nall Report

22. 2007 Weather Accidents VFR into IMC Source: 2008 AOPA Nall Report

23. Why Are We Here? Personal Flight Pilot Related • Maneuvering • Approach and Landing • VFR into IMC Future CFI Workshops will focus on maneuvering and approach/landing. Source: 2008 AOPA Nall Report

24. How it Happens 1/2 SM visibility 1 SM visibility 3 SM visibility 5 SM visibility 10 SM visibility • Accuracy of estimating in-fight visibility • Pilot over-confidence in decision making • Willingness to take risks

25. Preventing VFR into IMC - Ideas for the future Encourage pilots/students to make the Go or No/Go weather decision.

26. Ideas for the Future VFR Not Recommended Photo from www.flightaware.com

27. Ideas for the future Fly in or near weather

28. Ideas for the future • Fly more cross countries • Combine lessons for longer cross counties • Multiple students to vacation destinations

29. Ideas for the future Plane capable AND pilot capable Manage expectations Schedule an alternate plan Continue? Divert? Land?

30. Ideas for the future Continue to build your skills and confidence

31. AOPA Nall Report Available at www.aopa.org/asf/publications

32. Summary None of the hours in the logbook matter as much as this minute in the cockpit. Source: 2008 AOPA Nall Report

33. FAASTeam CFI Workshop #5 Safety Trends in GA Questions? Comments? Ideas? Quiz time

34. Safety Trends Question #1 The increased costs of aircraft operation will have a positive effect on aviation accidents due to the resultant decrease in the number of General Aviation flight hours. True or false?

35. Safety Trends Question #2 The General Aviation Joint Steering Committee conducts it’s work in three subgroups; • Flight Instruction, 135 on demand operators, and Sport Pilots. • Technically Advanced Aircraft, Flight Instruction, and Turbine Aircraft Operations. • Personal/Sport Aviation, Technically Advanced Aircraft, and Turbine Aircraft Operations.

36. Safety Trends Question #3 The objective of the Automation Subgroup is to; a) Research Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) issues. b) Develop computer programs. c) Develop Training for FAASafety.Gov.

37. Safety Trends Question #4 What is the most significant causal factor decline that has been identified in General Aviation accidents since the Wright Brother Days? a) Maintenance b) Flight Operations c) Ground operations d) Flying under the influence of alcohol

38. Safety Trends Question #5 It is possible to identify certain segments flight operations such as, takeoff, landing, and low altitude maneuvering during which there is an increased potential for accidents. True or false? Answers follow ~

39. Safety Trends Question #1 The increased costs of aircraft operation will have a positive effect on aviation accidents due to the resultant decrease in the number of General Aviation flight hours. True or false? Answer~ False, the number of operations may decrease but pilot proficiency also declines. – FAASTeam accepted statistical evidence.

40. Safety Trends Question #2 The General Aviation Joint Steering Committee conducts it’s work in three subgroups; • Flight Instruction, 135 on demand operators, and Sport Pilots. • Technically Advanced Aircraft, Flight Instruction, and Turbine Aircraft Operations. • Personal/Sport Aviation, Technically Advanced Aircraft, and Turbine Aircraft Operations. Answer ~ c) – These subgroups are a matter of record.

41. Safety Trends Question #3 The objective of the Automation Subgroup is to; a) Research Technically Advanced Aircraft (TAA) issues b) Develop computer programs c) Develop Training for FAASafety.Gov Answer ~ a) – Research TAA aviation safety issues

42. Safety Trends Question #4 What is the most significant causal factor decline that has been identified in General Aviation accidents since the Wright Brother Days? a) Maintenance b) Flight Operations c) Ground operations • Flying under the influence of alcohol Answer ~ d)Maintenance – Trend identified by the data sources mentioned previously.

43. Safety Trends Question #5 It is possible to identify certain segments flight operations such as, takeoff, landing, and low altitude maneuvering during which there is an increased potential for accidents. True or false? Answer ~ True – For example NTSB statistics demonstrate that over the past years a significant number of aviation mishaps occur when takeoff, landing, or go-around maneuvers are being accomplished.

44. Take a Break!

45. Risk Managementfor Flight Instructors

46. The pilot lost control after the aircraft touched down on one wheel, swerved sharply, hit several runway lights, left the runway, and came to rest in the airport boundary fence. The winds were 60-degrees crosswind to the runway at 32KTS with gusts to 40. What caused this incident?

47. Risk Management – A Definition: The part of the decision making process which relies on; • situational awareness • problem recognition • and, good judgment to reduce risks associated with each flight.

48. Teaching Risk Management • Hazard Identification • Risk Assessment • Time critical framework • Risk Management Controls

49. Risk Assessment 3SM visibility – is it a risk? • For a student pilot? • 100 hr. VFR-only private pilot? • 500 hr. IFR pilot flying in the mountains • 1,000 hr. IFR pilot with 5 hrs experience in a glass cockpit? • 1,500 hr. ATP pilot flying in busy airspace? Photo AOPA Gallery

50. Where to Land? • West at 10,500MSL • To Portland, Oregon • Cessna 172 (TAS 110KIAS) • Snow showers reduced visibility • 5:35pm local time • Fuel remaining is about 90 minutes. What will you do? VFR-Only 200-hr private pilot