Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

1. Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [Draft PHY Proposal for 60 GHz WPAN] Date Submitted: [11 November, 2005] Source: [Eckhard Grass, Maxim Piz, Frank Herzel, Rolf Kraemer] Company [IHP] Address [Im Technologiepark, Frankfurt (Oder), D-15236, Germany] Voice:[+49 335 5625 731], FAX: [+49 335 5625 671], E-Mail:[grass@ihp-microelectronics.com] Re: [] Abstract: [Based on a simple channel model and link budget calculations, some PHY parameters for a 60 GHz OFDM WPAN are derived. The proposed PHY parameters support data rates up to 1 GBit/s and can be extended to 2 Gbit/s.] Purpose: [This document is intended to serve as a basis for discussions for defining the IEEE802.15.3.c PHY parameters. Implementation aspects of 60 GHz RF circuits are presented] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. Eckhard Grass, IHP

2. Draft PHY Proposal for 60 GHz WPAN Eckhard Grass, Maxim Piz, Frank Herzel and Rolf Kraemer (IHP) Eckhard Grass, IHP

3. Outline • Introduction and application scenario • Linkbudget and phase noise calculation • Proposed PHY parameters for 60 GHz OFDM WPAN • Integrated receiver frontend for OFDM demonstrator in SiGe BiCMOS technology • Conclusions • Acknowledgements Eckhard Grass, IHP

4. Goals • Definition and development of suitable algorithms and implementation of a 60 GHz, 1 Gbit/s WLAN demonstrator including • Highly integrated analog frontend (AFE) • OFDM baseband processor (BB) • Medium Access Control Processor (MAC) • Features: • 60 GHz frequency band • >= 1 Gbit/s net transmission rate • High spectral efficiency (> 2.5 Bit/s/Hz) • Low cost (Si-based circuits) • Demonstrator flexibility (standard interfaces, FPGA, m-Controler) • Protocol with QoS support Eckhard Grass, IHP

5. 60 GHz WPAN Application Scenario • Indoor home and office scenario (Wireless Gbit Ethernet) • Fast video download (Wireless USB-Stick) • Media supply in public areas (trains, busses, etc.) AP AP Eckhard Grass, IHP

6. Simplified Link Budget Calculation Assumptions: • SNRmin = 20 dB for 16-QAM-1/2 (source rate = 480 Mbit/s, implementation loss = 2 dB + 1 dB (phase noise degradation)) • Receiver noise figure: NF = 10 dB • Transmit power: Ps = 10 dBm (P1dB = 16 dBm, Backoff = 6 dB) • Use of Vivaldi Antennas with GTX = GRX = 7 dB (3 dB misalignment) Sensitivity: Maximum range for 16-QAM-1/2: Eckhard Grass, IHP

7. Small-Scale Channel Measurement FhG-HHI-Berlin Eckhard Grass, IHP

8. Small-Scale PDPs, TOA Parameters Eckhard Grass, IHP

9. Delay Spread Delay spread measurements done by Akeyama, NTT for 802.15.3c: “Study on mm wave propagation characteristics to realize WPAN” (for antennas with directivity in office scenario)=> Delay spread less than 20 ns => Guard interval of 160 ns sufficient NLOS LOS Eckhard Grass, IHP

10. RMS phase error after CPE correction, simulated z =0.5, L =-90dBc/Hz @1MHz z =0.5, L =-90dBc/Hz @1MHz VCO VCO 2 20 solid: second-order model solid: second-order model 0 dashed: first-order model dashed: first-order model 15 ] R L @ 100 kHz= -120 dBc/Hz -2 REF E B RMS phase error (degree) 10 [ -4 -130 dBc/Hz g L @ 100 kHz= -120 dBc/Hz o REF l -130 dBc/Hz -6 5 -140 dBc/Hz -140 dBc/Hz -8 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 loop bandwidth [MHz] loop bandwidth [MHz] Phase Noise Modeling and Effects • Simulation of uncoded 16-QAM OFDM system with • 192 data sub-carriers, 16 pilot sub-carriers • CPE correction included • Results: • Optimum bandwidth depends on crystal phase noise • < 3 degree rms phase error required for low BER (16-QAM) Eckhard Grass, IHP

11. OFDM Symbol Length • Bandwidth tradeoff between reference noise and VCO noise • Low bandwidth (10-100 kHz) desirable to suppress filter noise and charge pump noise • Short symbols (<1μs) mandatory for rms phase error below 3 degree RMS phase error after correction of common phase error as a function of PLL bandwidth for three symbol lengths. Eckhard Grass, IHP

12. Proposed PHY Parameters and Data Rates Turbo mode with doubled subcarrier spacing possible => data rates up to 2 Gbit/s Eckhard Grass, IHP

13. Pilot, Data and Zero Subcarriers Modulation bandwidth = 320 MHz Number of data subcarriers = 192 Number of pilot subcarriers = 16 Symbol time = 800 ns Guard time = 160 ns = 1/5 symbol time Subcarrier spacing = 1.5625 MHz Eckhard Grass, IHP

14. Allocation of Bandwidth to ‚User Groups‘ 57 GHz 58 GHz 61 GHz 63 GHz 64 GHz • Three main frequency sub-bands: • End User, • Fixed Networks, • Emergency Allocated to fixed installations (Wire replacement, Train, Bus...) Allocated to end user (Commodity products, Mobile,...) Emergency (like 11.p) 57 GHz 64 GHz 4 GHz 8x500 MHz channels 2 GHz 4x500 MHz channels 1 GHz 2x500 MHz channels Eckhard Grass, IHP

15. 5 35 0 30 25 -5 20 IF output (dBm) -10 15 Conversion gain (dB) -15 1 dB compression 10 -20 point –1.6 dBm 5 -25 0 -48 -46 -44 -42 -40 -38 -36 -34 -32 -30 -28 -26 52 54 56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 RF input (dBm) Frequency (GHz) 60 GHz LNA and Mixer in SiGe BiCMOS • 60 GHz RF Frontend Results: • Chip area: 1.1 mm x 0.8 mm • 1 dB compression point: -1.6 dBm (out) • Conversion gain: 28 dB • In-band gain ripple (57-64 GHz): < 1 dB IF=5 GHz Eckhard Grass, IHP

16. 60 GHz Receiver Frontend (in Fabrication) • High-Speed SiGe:C BiCMOS Technology ft/fmax = 200 GHz • Down-converter (LNA + mixer) and frequency synthesizer on one chip • Area < 2mm2 RF 61-61.5 GHz IF 5.25 GHz 56 GHzPLL Crystal 109 MHz Eckhard Grass, IHP

17. Receiver Board Layout Board material:Rogers 3003 (5 mil) on FR4 Chip connection: Ribbon bonding / wire bonding On-board antenna: Single-ended, Vivaldi type, Microstrip connection Vivaldi Antenna 60 GHz RXChip Crystal reference 109.375 MHz(56 GHz/512) IFn IFp Eckhard Grass, IHP

18. Conclusions • 60 GHz systems can support massive data rates; 7 GHz of unlicensed bandwidth available • Oxygen attenuation and attenuation through walls facilitates efficient frequency re-use • Creating multiple data streams using MIMO techniques is not a useful option; • However, beamforming can significantly improve the link-budget • SiGe BiCMOS efficient technology for 60 GHz band • 60 GHz frequency synthesizer and RF receiver frontend (LNA + Mixer) were successfully implemented in SiGe BiCMOS technology and tested • A complete transceiver was designed and is being fabricated • Small wavelength allows on-chip antenna and small form factor Eckhard Grass, IHP

19. Acknowledgements • BMBF (Federal Ministry of Education and Research – Germany) for funding the WIGWAM Project (http://www.wigwam-project.com/) • WIGWAM Team at IHP: Jean-Pierre Ebert, Klaus Schmalz, Yaoming Sun, Srdjan Glisic, Milos Krstic, Klaus Tittelbach, Wolfgang Winkler • WIGWAM IHP Subcontractors: Karin Schuler, Werner Wiesbeck (Uni Karlsruhe), Wilhelm Keusgen, Michael Peter (FhG-HHI Berlin) • WIGWAM Consortium - in Particular Project Coordinators:Gerhard Fettweis, Ralf Irmer and Peter Zillmann (TU Dresden)(http://www.wigwam-project.com/) Eckhard Grass, IHP