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Biology – 328 Lab

Biology – 328 Lab. Plants and People. Objective. To understand what a fruit is To study different parts of fruit To learn different types of fruits. Background. Different parts of a fruit. Exocarp – Outermost layer Endocarp – Innermost layer Mesocarp – Middle layer

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Biology – 328 Lab

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  1. Biology – 328 Lab Plants and People

  2. Objective • To understand what a fruit is • To study different parts of fruit • To learn different types of fruits

  3. Background

  4. Different parts of a fruit • Exocarp – Outermost layer • Endocarp – Innermost layer • Mesocarp – Middle layer Pericarp - All three layers not recognizable Rind - Thick leathery covering exocarp (eg, water melons) or fusion of exocarp and mesocarp (eg. Orange) Accessory fruit – Fruits not derived from ovary e.g. apple

  5. Classification of fruits • Simple fruit – Fruit from a single flower and single ovary • Aggregate fruit – Fruit from a single flower but several ovaries eg. Blackberry, strawberry • Multiple fruit – Fruit from multiple flowers in the same peduncle eg. Pineapple, Mulberry

  6. Simple fruits • Dry dehiscent fruit – Pericarp dries and splits open when ripe. • Follicle – 1 locule that splits along one suture e.g. Sweet gum • Legume/pod – 1 locule and splits along 2 sutures e.g. Beans • Capsule – 3 or more locules and splits in 3 or more sutures e.g. Okra

  7. Simple fruits • Dry indehiscent fruit – Pericarp dries but does not split when ripe • Samara – 1 or 2 seeded with pericarp flattened into wings e.g. maple • Grain/Caryopsis – 1 seeded fruit with seed fused to pericarp e.g. corn • Achene – 1 seeded fruit with seed free from pericarp e.g. sunflower • Nut – 1 seeded fruit enclosed in husk e.g. Pecan

  8. Simple fruits • Fleshy fruit- Pericarp doesn't dry when ripe • Berry – entire pericarp is fleshy e.g. Grape • Pepo – Exocarp is a hard rind e.g. Melons • Hesperidium – Exocarp and mesocarp is a hard rind, endocarp has juice vesicles e.g. Orange • Drupe or stone – a single seeded fruit fuzzy or smooth skin, fleshy mesocarp and a hard stony endocarp e.g. Peach • Pome – Fleshy receptacle, hypanthium with papery pericarp e.g. Apple

  9. Today’s Lab Carefully examine the fruits, paying special attention to their morphology, structure, family and scientific name, and geographic origin. During the exercise, answer the following questions for each fruit observed. 1. What is the fruit type? 2. How many carpels are present? 3. How might they might be dispersed in nature.

  10. Summary Today’s Lab • Types of fruits and characteristics Next week’s lab – Major Families I • Quiz on Fruits

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