Technician Licensing Class “T2”

1. Technician Licensing Class“T2” Valid dates: July 1, 2010 – June 30, 2014

2. Amateur Radio Technician ClassElement 2 Course Presentation ELEMENT 2 SUB-ELEMENTS • T1 - FCC Rules, descriptions and definitions for the amateur radio service, operator and station license responsibilities. • T2 – Operating Procedures • T3 – Radio wave characteristics, radio and electromagnetic properties, propagation modes • T4 – Amateur radio practices and station set up • T5 – Electrical principles, math for electronics, electronic principles, Ohm’s Law • T6 – Electrical components, semiconductors, circuit diagrams, component functions • T7 – Station equipment, common transmitter and receiver problems, antenna measurements and troubleshooting, basic repair and testing • T8 – Modulation modes, amateur satellite operation, operating activities, non-voice communications • T9 – Antennas, feedlines • T0 – AC power circuits, antenna installation, RF hazards

3. T2A: Station operation; choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions, use of minimum power, frequency use, band plans. • T2A1 The most common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band is plus or minus 600 kHz. • T2A2 The national calling frequency is 446.000 MHz for FM simplex operation on the 70 cm band. • T2A3 Plus or minus 5 MHz is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band. • T2A4 An appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign is to say the station's call sign then identify with your call sign. • W2HLD this is K3DIO • T2A5When responding to a call of CQ you should transmit the other station’s call sign followed by your call sign. • W5YI this is K3DIO

4. T2A: Station operation; choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions, use of minimum power, frequency use, band plans. • T2A6When making on-air transmissions to test equipment or antennas an amateur operator must properly identify the transmitting station. • All transmissions must be identified • T2A7 When making a test transmission a station identification is required at least every ten minutes during the test and at the end. • Just like normal ID requirements for a QSO • T2A8 The procedural signal "CQ" means calling any station. • T2A9A brief statement of saying your call sign is often used in place of "CQ" to indicate that you are listening on a repeater. • T2A10A band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC, is a voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band.

5. T2A: Station operation; choosing an operating frequency, calling another station, test transmissions, use of minimum power, frequency use, band plans. • T2A11 FCC rules regarding power levels used in the amateur bands state that an amateur must use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired communication. Use the minimum amount of power output to make contact with another station Amateur accepted simplex frequencies

6. T2B: VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics. • T2B1Simplex communication is the term used to describe an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency. • No offset frequency used for simplex like with a repeater Xcvr #1 Xcvr #2 Xcvr #3 Xcvr #4 Transmitting Frequency: 146.52 MHz Receiving Frequency 146.52 MHz Receiving Frequency 446.00 MHz Transmitting Frequency: 446.00 MHz One Way One way

7. T2B: VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics. • T2B2CTCSS is the term used to describe the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver (CTCSS – Continuous Tone-Coded Squelch System) • Also called a PL tone. CTCSS Tones In Use 67.0 Hz 94.8 Hz 131.8 Hz 171.3 Hz 203.5 Hz 69.3 Hz 97.4 Hz 136.5 Hz 173.8 Hz 206.5 Hz 71.9 Hz 100.0 Hz 141.3 Hz 177.3 Hz 210.7 Hz 74.4 Hz 103.5 Hz 146.2 Hz 179.9 Hz 218.1 Hz 77.0 Hz 107.2 Hz 151.4 Hz 183.5 Hz 225.7 Hz 79.7 Hz 110.9 Hz 156.7 Hz 186.2 Hz 229.1 Hz 82.5 Hz 114.8 Hz 159.8 Hz 189.9 Hz 233.6 Hz 85.4 Hz 118.8 Hz 162.2 Hz 192.8 Hz 241.8 Hz 88.5 Hz 123.0 Hz 165.5 Hz 196.6 Hz 250.3 Hz 91.5 Hz 127.3 Hz 167.9 Hz 199.5 Hz 254.1 Hz

8. T2B: VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics. • T2B3Carrier squelch describes the muting of receiver audio controlled solely by the presence or absence of an RF signal. • T2B4Common problems that cause you to be able to hear but not access a repeater even when transmitting with the proper offset: • The repeater receiver requires audio burst for access • The repeater receiver requires a CTCSS tone for access • CTCSS – Continuous Tone Control Squelch System • The repeater receiver may require a DCS tone sequence for access • DCS – Digital Code Squelch

9. T2B: VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics. • T2B5 The amplitude of the modulating signal determines the amount of deviation of an FM signal. • T2B6 When the deviation of an FM transmitter is increased its signal occupies more bandwidth. • T2B7If you receive a report that your station’s transmissions are causing splatter or interference on nearby frequencies check your transmitter for off-frequency operation or spurious emissions. • T2B8The proper course of action to take if your station’s transmission unintentionally interferes with another station is to properly identify your transmission and move to a different frequency.

10. T2B: VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics. T2B9 Use of a phonetic alphabet is the method encouraged by the FCC when identifying your station when using phone. T2B10 QRM is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are receiving interference from other stations. T2B11 QSY is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are changing frequency. 10

11. T2B: VHF/UHF operating practices; SSB phone, FM repeater, simplex, frequency offsets, splits and shifts, CTCSS, DTMF, tone squelch, carrier squelch, phonetics. Something is causing interference I am troubled by static/noise. I am running low power. I am going off the air. Who is calling me? Your signal is fading. I received the message. I will communicate with ________ directly. I am changing frequency to _____. My location is _______. QRM QRN QRP QRT QRZ QSB QSL QSO QSY QTH 11 11

12. T2C:Public service; emergency and non-emergency operations, message traffic handling • T2C1FCC rules apply to proper operation of your station when using amateur radio at the request of public service officials. • Amateur radio operators are not relieved from FCC rules at request from FBI, FEMA, or any other Federal agency. • T2C4Both RACES (Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service) and ARES (Amateur Radio Emergency Service) organizations may provide communications during emergencies. • T2C5Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service (RACES) is a radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications.

13. T2C:Public service; emergency and non-emergency operations, message traffic handling • T2C6Common practice during net operations to get the immediate attention of the net control station when reporting an emergency is to begin your transmission with “Priority” or “Emergency” followed by your call sign. Another way to interrupt a conversation to signal a distress call is to say the word “BREAK” several times to indicate a priority or emergency distress call.

14. T2C:Public service; emergency and non-emergency operations, message traffic handling • T2C7In order to minimize disruptions to an emergency traffic net once you have checked in, do not transmit on the net frequency until asked to do so by the net control station. • T2C8 Passing messages exactly as written, spoken or as received is usually considered to be the most important job of an amateur operator when handling emergency traffic messages. • Write in block letters, word for word.

15. T2C:Public service; emergency and non-emergency operations, message traffic handling • T2C9When normal communications systems are not available, an amateur station may use any means of radio communications at its disposal for essential communications in connection with immediate safety of human life and protection of property. • in an emergency, anything goes!

16. T2C:Public service; emergency and non-emergency operations, message traffic handling • T2C10In a formal traffic message the information needed to track the message as it passes through the amateur radio traffic handling system is called the preamble. • Keep track of emergency messages as they pass through the well structured amateur radio traffic-handling system. • T2C11The term "check" in reference to a formal traffic message is a count of the number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message. • include a ‘check’ to make sure all words in a message indeed were received in their entirety.

17. Element 2 Technician Class Question PoolT2Operating Procedures[3 Exam Questions – 3 Groups] Valid July 1, 2010 Through June 30, 2014

18. T2A01 What is the most common repeater frequency offset in the 2 meter band? • Plus 500 kHz • Plus or minus 600 kHz • Minus 500 kHz • Only plus 600 kHz

19. T2A02 What is the national calling frequency for FM simplex operations in the 70 cm band? • 146.520 MHz • 145.000 MHz • 432.100 MHz • 446.000 MHz

20. T2A03 What is a common repeater frequency offset in the 70 cm band? • Plus or minus 5 MHz • Plus or minus 600 kHz • Minus 600 kHz • Plus 600 kHz

21. T2A04 What is an appropriate way to call another station on a repeater if you know the other station's call sign? • Say "break, break" then say the station's call sign • Say the station's call sign then identify with your call sign • Say "CQ" three times then the other station's call sign • Wait for the station to call "CQ" then answer it

22. T2A05 What should you transmit when responding to a call of CQ? • CQ followed by the other station’s call sign • Your call sign followed by the other station’s call sign • The other station’s call sign followed by your call sign • A signal report followed by your call sign

23. T2A06 What must an amateur operator do when making on-air transmissions to test equipment or antennas? • Properly identify the transmitting station • Make test transmissions only after 10:00 p.m. local time • Notify the FCC of the test transmission • State the purpose of the test during the test procedure

24. T2A07 Which of the following is true when making a test transmission? • Station identification is not required if the transmission is less than 15 seconds • Station identification is not required if the transmission is less than 1 watt • Station identification is required only if your station can be heard • Station identification is required at least every ten minutes during the test and at the end

25. T2A08 What is the meaning of the procedural signal "CQ"? • Call on the quarter hour • A new antenna is being tested (no station should answer) • Only the called station should transmit • Calling any station

26. T2A09 What brief statement is often used in place of "CQ" to indicate that you are listening on a repeater? • Say "Hello test" followed by your call sign • Say your call sign • Say the repeater call sign followed by your call sign • Say the letters "QSY" followed by your call sign

27. T2A10 What is a band plan, beyond the privileges established by the FCC? • A voluntary guideline for using different modes or activities within an amateur band • A mandated list of operating schedules • A list of scheduled net frequencies • A plan devised by a club to use a frequency band during a contest

28. T2A11 What are the FCC rules regarding power levels used in the amateur bands? • Always use the maximum power allowed to ensure that you complete the contact • An amateur may use no more than 200 watts PEP to make an amateur contact • An amateur may use up to 1500 watts PEP on any amateur frequency • An amateur must use the minimum transmitter power necessary to carry out the desired communication

29. T2B01 What is the term used to describe an amateur station that is transmitting and receiving on the same frequency? • Full duplex communication • Diplex communication • Simplex communication • Half duplex communication

30. T2B02 What is the term used to describe the use of a sub-audible tone transmitted with normal voice audio to open the squelch of a receiver? • Carrier squelch • Tone burst • DTMF • CTCSS

31. T2B03 Which of the following describes the muting of receiver audio controlled solely by the presence or absence of an RF signal? • Tone squelch • Carrier squelch • CTCSS • Modulated carrier

32. T2B04 Which of the following common problems might cause you to be able to hear but not access a repeater even when transmitting with the proper offset? • The repeater receiver requires audio tone burst for access • The repeater receiver requires a CTCSS tone for access • The repeater receiver may require a DCS tone sequence for access • All of these choices are correct

33. T2B05 What determines the amount of deviation of an FM signal? • Both the frequency and amplitude of the modulating signal • The frequency of the modulating signal • The amplitude of the modulating signal • The relative phase of the modulating signal and the carrier

34. T2B06 What happens when the deviation of an FM transmitter is increased? • Its signal occupies more bandwidth • Its output power increases • Its output power and bandwidth increases • Asymmetric modulation occurs

35. T2B07 What should you do if you receive a report that your station’s transmissions are causing splatter or interference on nearby frequencies? • Increase transmit power • Change mode of transmission • Report the interference to the equipment manufacturer • Check your transmitter for off-frequency operation or spurious emissions

36. T2B08 What is the proper course of action if your station’s transmission unintentionally interferes with another station? • Rotate your antenna slightly • Properly identify your transmission and move to a different frequency • Increase power • Change antenna polarization

37. T2B09 Which of the following methods is encouraged by the FCC when identifying your station when using phone? • Use of a phonetic alphabet • Send your call sign in CW as well as voice • Repeat your call sign three times • Increase your signal to full power when identifying

38. T2B10 What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are receiving interference from other stations? • QRM • QRN • QTH • QSB

39. T2B11 What is the "Q" signal used to indicate that you are changing frequency? • QRU • QSY • QSL • QRZ

40. T2C01 What set of rules applies to proper operation of your station when using amateur radio at the request of public service officials? • RACES Rules • ARES Rules • FCC Rules • FEMA Rules

41. T2C04 What do RACES and ARES have in common? • They represent the two largest ham clubs in the United States • Both organizations broadcast road and weather traffic information • Neither may handle emergency traffic supporting public service agencies • Both organizations may provide communications during emergencies

42. T2C05 What is the Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Service? • An emergency radio service organized by amateur operators • A radio service using amateur stations for emergency management or civil defense communications • A radio service organized to provide communications at civic events • A radio service organized by amateur operators to assist non-military persons

43. T2C06 Which of the following is common practice during net operations to get the immediate attention of the net control station when reporting an emergency? • Repeat the words SOS three times followed by the call sign of the reporting station • Press the push-to-talk button three times • Begin your transmission with “Priority” or “Emergency” followed by your call sign • Play a pre-recorded emergency alert tone followed by your call sign

44. T2C07 What should you do to minimize disruptions to an emergency traffic net once you have checked in? • Whenever the net frequency is quiet, announce your call sign and location • Move 5 kHz away from the net's frequency and use high power to ask other hams to keep clear of the net frequency • Do not transmit on the net frequency until asked to do so by the net control station • Wait until the net frequency is quiet, then ask for any emergency traffic for your area

45. T2C08 What is usually considered to be the most important job of an amateur operator when handling emergency traffic messages? • Passing messages exactly as written, spoken or as received • Estimating the number of people affected by the disaster • Communicating messages to the news media for broadcast outside the disaster area • Broadcasting emergency information to the general public

46. T2C09 When may an amateur station use any means of radio communications at its disposal for essential communications in connection with immediate safety of human life and protection of property? • Only when FEMA authorizes it by declaring an emergency • When normal communications systems are not available • Only when RACES authorizes it by declaring an emergency • Only when authorized by the local MARS program director

47. T2C10 What is the preamble in a formal traffic message? • The first paragraph of the message text • The message number • The priority handling indicator for the message • The information needed to track the message as it passes through the amateur radio traffic handling system

48. T2C11 What is meant by the term "check" in reference to a formal traffic message? • The check is a count of the number of words or word equivalents in the text portion of the message • The check is the value of a money order attached to the message • The check is a list of stations that have relayed the message • The check is a box on the message form that tells you the message was received