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Nepal’s Development Perspectives

Nepal’s Development Perspectives. Tulasi P. Gautam Administrator Employees Provident Fund. Coverage of Presentation. Changing Paradigm of Development Development Agenda National Plans and priorities Development Actors

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Nepal’s Development Perspectives

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  1. Nepal’s Development Perspectives Tulasi P. Gautam Administrator Employees Provident Fund

  2. Coverage of Presentation • Changing Paradigm of Development • Development Agenda • National Plans and priorities • Development Actors • Roles of different levels of government (Federal, Provincial and local)

  3. Changing Paradigm of Development • Focus on GNP and Growth until 1970 • 1970's -- efforts for "redistribution from growth“; improve the quality of life. • 1990 -Development -- a multidimensional process – human development • Sen's Capabilities Approach • "Development => enhancing the lives we lead and the freedoms we enjoy.“ • 2000 – Poverty Alleviation/MDG/PRSP • 2010 – Inclusive Development /MDG • 2016 – Sustainable Development Goal (SDG)

  4. National Plans • Developing Countries endowed with limited resources. • They need to use these resources in priority sectors effectively • Planning system was introduced in the then Soviet Union since 1928. • Adopted and spread after 1940’s in the developing world. • Nepal introduced economic plan more than five decades ago.

  5. Basic Considerations in Development Plans • GDP Targets • Total investment requirements : public and private • Estimate of required resources • Revenue • Public expenditures • External sources : grants and loan • Domestic borrowings • Expected Growth Rates

  6. Phases of Planning in Nepal • First to Third Plan (1956-1970) • Rural and Agriculture Development • Building planning capability • Fourth & Fifth Plans (1970 – 1980) • Regional development • Infrastructure development • Sixth & Seventh Plans (1980-1990) • Fulfillment of basic needs • Growth with equity

  7. Phases of Planning in Nepal • Eighth & Ninth Plans (1992-2002) • Sustainable economic growth • Poverty alleviation • Reduction in regional disparity • Tenth Plan (2002-2007) • PRSP • TYIP (2007-2010) • Inclusive growth • 12th Plan (2010-2013) • Inclusive Development • 13th Plan (2013-2016) • Inclusive Development/ LDC Graduation • 14th Plan (2016-2019) • Sustainable Development

  8. Vision and Objectives of current 14th Plan ;f]r :jfwLg, ;d'Ggttyf ;dfhjfbpGd'v /fli6«o cy{tGqPjd\ ;d[4 g]kfnL . nIo ;fdflhsGofo;lxtsf] nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHox'Fb} dWodcfoePsfd'n'ssf] :t/dfk'Ug] . p2]Zo pTkfbgzLn /f]huf/L pGd'v / Gofok"0f{ ljt/0f;lxtsf] pRrcfly{s j[l4åf/f ›'t ul/aLGo"gLs/0f ub}{ cfly{s ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f ug'{ .

  9. /0fgLlt plNnlvt ;f]r, nIo / p2]Zoxfl;nug{ lgDgfg';f/ kfFrk|d'v /0fgLltx¿ cl3 ;fl/Psf 5g\ M • s[lif If]qsf] ¿kfGt/0f, ko{6g, cf}Bf]lusPjd\ ;fgftyfdemf}nfJoj;fosf] lj:tf/dfkm{t pTkfbg j[l4 ug]{ . • pmhf{, ;8s tyfxjfO{ oftfoft, ;"rgftyf ;~rf/ / u|fdL0f–;x/L tyflqb]zLo cfa4tf ljsf;sfnfluk"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{ . • ;fdflhsljsf; / ;fdflhs ;'/IffPjd\ ;fdflhs ;+/If0fdf hf]8 lbFb} dfgjljsf;dfpRrtyflbuf] ;'wf/ ug]{ . • cfly{s, ;fdflhsPjd\ zf;sLo ;'wf/, s'znPjd\ hjfkmb]xL ;fj{hlgsljQ, :jR5, kf/bzL{ / hgd}qL ;fj{hlgs ;]jfPjd\ dfgjclwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ub}{ ;du| ;'zf;g k|j4{g ug]{ . • n}lËs ;dfgtf, ;dfj]zLs/0f, jftfj/0f ;+/If0f, lj1fg tyfk|ljlwsf] pRrtdk|of]u tyf ;+:yfutIfdtf a9fpg]

  10. PRSP – Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper Tenth Plan (2002-2007) was PRSP • PRSP is a policy document required by the  IMF and World Bank before a country can be considered for debt relief within the HIPC initiative. • PRSPs are also required before low-income countries can receive aid from most major donors and lenders. • Five core principles of the PRSP were: country-driven, result-oriented, comprehensive, partnership-oriented, and based on a long-term perspective.

  11. PRSP - Continued • The PRS process encouraged countries to develop a more poverty-focused policy and to own their own strategies through developing the plan in close consultation with the population. • A comprehensive poverty analysis and wide-ranging participation were vital parts of the PRSP formulation process. • A major challenge of PRS effectiveness was state capacity to carry out the established strategy. • Criticism of PRSP include aid conditionality, donor influence, and poor fulfillment of the participatory aspect.

  12. ;/sf/L If]q k"jf{wf/x¿sf] ljsf;åf/f pRr / lbuf] ljsf;sf] cfwf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, ;dli6ut cfly{s :yfloTjsfodug]{, gLltut, sfg'gL, lgofds / k|lqmofut ;'wf/ u/L cfGtl/s tyfafXonufgLsf] jftfj/0f l;h{gfug]{, ;fdflhs;'/Iff / ;+/If0f ;'b[9 ug]{ Pjd\ lghL, ;xsf/L / u}/;/sf/L tyf ;fd'bflos If]qnfO{ ljsf; k|lqmofdf cl3 a9fpg ;xhLs/0f ug{]h:tf sfo{ ug]{5 . nf]ssNof0fsf/L /fHosf] cjwf/0ffcg'¿k ;/sf/ cfwf/e"tIf]qdfcfly{s–;fdflhsk"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f ug]{, ;'zf;gsfodug]{, cg';Gwfgtyfljsf; ug]{ / ;fdflhsGofo;lxtsf] cfly{s k|0ffnL lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{dfs]lG›t/xg]5 .

  13. lghLIf]q / ;xsf/L If]q lghL If]q ;/sf/af6 l;lh{t Jofj;flosjftfj/0f / pknAwk|f]T;fxgsf] pkof]u ub}{ gjLgtd ;f]r / k|ljlw;lxtsf] nufgL j[l4 u/L cfo / /f]huf/L a9fpg] tyfk|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 bIftf / pTkfbsTjj[l4 u/L lghL If]qn] ;du| cfly{s j[l4sf] jfxssf] e"ldsflgjf{x ug]{5 . s[lif, cf}Bf]lusPjd\ ;]jf If]q;FucGt/;DaGw a9fpFb} cfly{s ¿kfGt/0fdf e"ldsfv]Ng] 5 . ;xsf/L If]q ;d'bfodf /x]sf] ;|f]t;fwgsf] ;Ël7t ;+:yfdfkm{t kl/rfngu/L ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0f, ;dfj]zLcfly{s j[l4 / ;d'bfosf] ;zQmLs/0f ug{] sfo{df ;xsf/Lsf] e"ldsf /xg]5 .

  14. ;fd'bflos / cGo If]q ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o gLlt / k|fyldstfleq /x]/ ;fdflhskl/rfngsf] dfWodaf6 :yfgLo;fwg, ;|f]t / ;Lkd"nsIfdtfsf] ljsf; u/L cfocfh{g, /f]huf/L, n}lËstyf ;fdflhs;zQmLs/0f Pjd\ /fli6«o gLltlgdf{0fdf ;fd'bflostyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ kl/rfngul/g]5 . To:t}, ;fj{hlgs ;]jfk|jfxsf] :j:y lgu/fgL, kf/blz{tf/ hjfkmb]lxtfsf] k}/aLtyf;'zf;gsfodug{df u}/;/sf/L / ;fd'bflos ;+:yfx¿nfO{ o; of]hgfn] e"ldsflbPsf] 5 .

  15. Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) • The MDGs are the eight international development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000 • All the 189 member states of the UN at the time and about 23 international organizations committed to help achieve the following 8 MDGs by 2015 • To eradicate ex extreme poverty and hunger • To achieve universal primary education • To promote gender equality • To reduce child mortality • To improve maternal health • To combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases • To ensure environmental sustainability • To develop a global partnership for development

  16. Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) for beyond 2015 17 Goals, 169 targets • Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere • Goal 2: End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition, and promote sustainable agriculture  • Goal 3: Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages • Goal 4: Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote life-long learning opportunities for all • Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls • Goal 6: Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all

  17. Sustainable Development Goals….. • Goal 7: Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all • Goal 8: Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all • Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation • Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries • Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable • Goal 12: Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns

  18. Sustainable Development Goals….. • Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change/ impacts • Goal 14: Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development • Goal 15: Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss • Goal 16: Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels • Goal 17: Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership

  19. The Goals, Targets and Indicators of Development Initiatives • They make entire development interventions results-oriented • They help better focus • They help implementation planning and action • They also help monitoring and evaluation • They help measure the achievement of development interventions • Nepal has closely followed the International Development Initiatives by formulating and implementing its development policies and strategies accordingly

  20. Current Drive • To achieve “Samriddha Nepal, Sukhi Nepali” thru High growth rate, equitable distribution’ • Drive towards socialism thru Descent work, food security, basic health and education, safe drinking water and living condition (housing), • Current periodic plan, Sustainable development goals

  21. Thank you all

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