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Imran Syakir Mohamad Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin,

The Study of LPG Adsorption Ability Using Carbon Adsorbent Test Bed for Carbon Adsorbent Prepared from Waste Materials. Imran Syakir Mohamad Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin, Ahmad Anas Yusof, Ernie Mat Tokit, Imanurezeki Mohamad

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Imran Syakir Mohamad Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin,

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  1. The Study of LPG Adsorption Ability Using Carbon Adsorbent Test Bed for Carbon Adsorbent Prepared from Waste Materials Imran Syakir Mohamad Safarudin Gazali Herawan, Mohd Haizal Mohd Husin, Ahmad Anas Yusof, Ernie Mat Tokit, Imanurezeki Mohamad Kolej Universiti Teknikal Kebangsaan Malaysia Farid Nasir Hj Ani Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

  2. Carbon Adsorbent? • Type of carbon produced through exposing a source material such as wood or bone to very high temperatures in the presence of steam, air, or carbon dioxide. • Also known as Activated Carbon. • Able to attract and hold certain substances on the carbon surface.  • This ability  is called "adsorption". Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  3. Why Carbon Adsorbent? • Can store gas by adsorption • Supply & availability - easy to get/find/buy • Low cost - economical • High capacity of storage Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  4. LPG? • Generic name for • commercial propane, C3H8 • commercial butane, C4H10 Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  5. Why LPG? • Alternative vehicle fuel • environmentally friendly • quieter, cleaner and economical • Compared to petrol, LPG are 63% less of CO, 40% less of HC, 82% less of NOx • Compared to diesel, LPG are 70% less of HC, 99% less of NOx Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  6. Research Objective • To produce carbon adsorbent from coconut shell and oil palm shell (waste materials) for application in LPG storage technologies. • To develop a carbon adsorbent test bed that can be use to determine the LPG adsorptions capacity/ability. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  7. Experimental rig • First, design and develop the experimental rig to prepare the carbon adsorbent. Consist of • a reactor, • tube furnace, • suction blower and some accessories Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  8. Experimental rig CO2 Gas - to activate the sample Suction Blower - to remove volatile matter N2 Gas - to obtain an inert atmosphere Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  9. Experimental rig Reactor Tube Furnace Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  10. Methodology Collection of Raw Material Oil palm shell and coconut shell Preparation of Raw Material Grind and sieve to a size of 250μm - 425μm Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  11. 50 grams of each formed particles feed into reactor, then install in the tube furnace. Heat at 10oC/min of heating rate, heated up to peak temperature of 6000C and maintain for 60 minutes in 1.5 L/min of N2 flow. Methodology Collection of Raw Material Oil palm shell and coconut shell Preparation of Raw Material Grind and sieve to a size of 250μm - 425μm Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  12. Methodology Collection of Raw Material Oil palm shell and coconut shell For activation process, CO2 was then introduced into the reactor at 162 mL/min for 30 minutes. Preparation of Raw Material Grind and sieve to a size of 250μm - 425μm 50 grams of each formed particles feed into reactor, then install in the tube furnace. Repeat for 700°C and 800°C Heat at 10oC/min of heating rate, heated up to peak temperature of 6000C and maintain for 60 minutes in 1.5 L/min of N2 flow during pyrolysis Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  13. Carbon Adsorbent Test Bed • Gas adsorption is regarded to be the primary methods of characterization for activated carbon. • Therefore, carbon adsorbent test bed has been developed. • To study the LPG adsorption ability. • Consists of : • two column, temperature controller, timer and gas detector. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  14. Carbon Adsorbent Test Bed Timer Gas Detector Flowmeter Column Temp. Controller Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  15. Carbon Adsorbent Test Bed • Timer for calculating the adsorption time up to saturated condition. • Gas detector to detect the flue gas after exposes to the sample. • The test will stop when the curves show the breakthrough (inlet = outlet concentration) for LPG at 5 mL/min of feeding. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  16. Time to reach Co (s) 600 700 800 Peak temperature (°C) Results and Discussion • The results obtained from carbon adsorbent test bed are summarized in the graph. • More time to reach inlet concentration (Co) mean that more LPG is adsorbed in carbon adsorbent. • The more LPG adsorbed means this carbon adsorbent has a better adsorption capacity. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  17. Time to reach Co (s) 600 700 800 Peak temperature (°C) Results and Discussion • Adsorption of LPG for both prepared oil palm shell and coconut shell carbon adsorbent decreases due to the increment of peak temperature. • Temperature >, particle size >, due to agglomeration process, surface area < • Also might shrink or enlarge the pore size Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  18. Time to reach Co (s) 600 700 800 Peak temperature (°C) Results and Discussion • Molecules of gases tend to adsorb most strongly in area where the pore diameter of the adsorbent is in similar size (Shepherd, 2001). • Therefore, this phenomenon may decrease the adsorption efficiency and most likely not suitable for adsorbing LPG. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  19. Time to reach Co (s) 600 700 800 Peak temperature (°C) Results and Discussion • The carbon adsorbent test bed experiment has proved that the commercial carbon adsorbent has better adsorption ability. • The result showed that it can adsorb LPG almost three times longer compared to the prepared samples. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  20. Conclusion • The prepared carbons adsorbent have a capability to adsorb LPG even though it is not as good as the commercial product. • Even though the results is not so promising, this research have introduces an alternative technique to examine the adsorption ability of LPG by using the carbon adsorbent test bed. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  21. Conclusion • Work is still in progress to increase the LPG storage capacity in the carbon adsorbent by improving the preparation techniques and testing device. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

  22. Acknowledgements • Short-term research grant from Ministry of Education. • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, KUTKM • Academic Service Centre, KUTKM • Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, UTM • University-Industry Centre, KUTKM Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia 17

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