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Q.O.T.D.

Q.O.T.D. Q: What does coffee do to your body? Go ask Alice – Columbia University. Chemistry of the cell. Biology 11. Chapter 2 Please read pages: 32-42. Life is organic!. Organic compounds are Carbon (C) based compounds.

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Q.O.T.D.

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  1. Q.O.T.D. • Q: What does coffee do to your body? • Go ask Alice – Columbia University

  2. Chemistry of the cell Biology 11 Chapter 2 Please read pages: 32-42

  3. Life is organic! • Organic compounds are Carbon (C) based compounds. • Living things (including cells) are composed of the following types of organic compounds: • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic acids

  4. Periodic Table

  5. Hydrogen

  6. Oxygen

  7. Carbon

  8. Carbohydrates • Sugars and starches • Used for energy (example = glucose) and structural parts of cells (example = cellulose) • Contain the following elements: C, H & O • Always have a 2:1 ratio of H:O

  9. Monosaccharides • Building blocks = monosaccharides examples: glucose, fructose, galactose • Monosaccharides are also known as single sugars. • Molecular formula = C6H12O6

  10. Monosaccharides continued… • Structural formula for glucose: Note: the “ring” thing

  11. Disaccharides • Disaccharides are double sugars. • Molecular formula = C12H22O11 • Examples: • Maltose = glucose + glucose • Lactose = glucose + galactose • Sucrose = glucose + fructose Notice the “ose” trend???

  12. How do you build a disaccharide? • Dehydration synthesis:

  13. Dehydration synthesis • Is the building of a larger, more complex compound by the removal of a water molecule from two smaller, less complex compounds. (an anabolic process) A + B  AB + H2O

  14. Hydrolysis • The reverse process of dehydration synthesis. • The breaking down of a larger more complex compound into two smaller less complex compounds by the addition of a water molecule. (a catabolic process) AB + H2O  A + B

  15. Biochemistry Video • Frozen Frogs

  16. Polysaccharides • Polysaccharides are complex carbohydrates • Examples = cellulose, starch, glycogen and chitin

  17. Exoskeletons are made of chitin!

  18. Lipids • Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids and steroids • Contain elements C, H & O • Do not dissolve in water!

  19. Uses of Lipids: • Long term energy storage • FYI - 1g of lipid contains 2.25X as much energy as 1g of carbohydrate! • Cushioning of internal organs • Hormones (estrogens, testosterone) • Cell membrane (phospholipids)

  20. Lipids • Building blocks = glycerol + fatty acids Fatty acid Glycerol

  21. Let’s build a triglyceride!

  22. Saturated vs. Unsaturated

  23. Q.O.T.D. • Q: What is ear wax and why is it produced in the human body? • A: Ear wax a.k.a. cerumen • It is produced by two different types of glands in the ear • It is composed of: • Skin cells and keratin • Fatty acids • Alcohol • Cholesterol • Functions include: • Natural cleanser • Protects the ear • Anti-bacterial / anti-fungal properties • Contains lysozyme and has a low pH

  24. Discussion Questions • Compare and contrast dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis. • Give some examples of complex carbohydrates. • How could a cell get usable energy from starch or glycogen? • Explain how and where lipids are formed. • What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat?

  25. Nitrogen

  26. ProteiNs • Contain elements C, H, O & N (nitrogen!) • Examples: feathers, wool, silk, hormones (example = insulin), hemoglobin, enzymes, membrane proteins, pigments…

  27. Amino acids • Building blocks of proteins = Amino Acids • General formula: R = variable, differs for each of the 20 AA’s

  28. Language of proteins Dipeptides – two amino acids bonded together Polypeptides – long chains of amino acids bonded together Peptide bonds – covalent bonds formed between amino acids (by dehydration synthesis!)

  29. Cystic Fibrosis • Cracking the Code of Life

  30. Summary questions • How would you be able to identify a carbohydrate, from a lipid, from a protein? • Compare and contrast: • carbohydrate & lipid • lipid & protein • carbohydrate & protein

  31. Probe tomorrow… are you ready?! • #1 What are the building blocks of carbohydrates, give an example. • #2 How / where are polypeptides built? • #3 List two functions of lipids. • #4 What are the components of a triglyceride?

  32. Q.O.T.D. • Q: Why is horseshoe crab blood blue? • A: They do not have hemoglobin, they have hemocyanin. • Benefits of blue blood – NGM • Blood clots in the presence of endotoxins (which are produced by harmful bacteria) • Limulus Amebocyte Lysate (LAL) • 1 quart of horseshoe crab blood is worth ~$15 000!

  33. Interesting facts about the… • Horeshoe crab! • http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080131-oldest-crab.html • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/?p=6442 • Too cute!!! • Horeshoe crab! • http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/01/080131-oldest-crab.html • http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/?p=6442 • Too cute!!!

  34. Cell Chemistry Essay • Step One – Do you know the vocabulary? • Use your glossary / chapters 1 & 2 • Step Two – Organize the terms • Protein words, lipid words, and carb. words • Step Three – Write paragraphs • Don’t just define words… • Step Four – Introduction and conclusion • Welcome and wrap up…

  35. Mrs. Cobb’s M&M guilt - rationalized?? • Ingredients: • Sucrose (sugar) • Lactose (milk sugar) • Glucose (corn syrup) • Cocoa butter • Carnauba wax • Peanuts • Protein • Peanut oil

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