Energy Efficiency and New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings – New Zealand

1. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency and New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings – New Zealand David F.S. Natusch APEC EGNRET 28 , Tokyo, Japan, 29-30 January, 2007

2. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Coverage • Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings • New and Renewable Energy in Commercial Buildings • Future Initiatives • The New Zealand Profile • Key Points

3. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Energy Efficiency • Few Significant Applications • Mainly Passive. • Heat Loss Reduction • Thermal Insulation, • Radiation Minimisation. • Temperature Perception • Wall Colours, • Heat/Light Capture – Light pipes • Not an Impressive Record!

4. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings New and Renewable Energy • New Zealand started with 100% Renewable Energy • Firewood, • Hydroelectricity. • Has gone Backwards in Renewable Energy Use • Cheaper to use Coal, Gas and Petroleum Products. • Now trying to slow the Decline by Promoting: • Hydro, • Geothermal, • Biogas, • Wind Power, • Biofuels. • A Slow Process

5. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Current Energy Supply Distribution • Energy Supply, 2005 • Energy Supplied PJ Total Renewable • % % • Total Energy 688 100 27 • Renewables 184 27 100 • Non Biological • Hydro 84 12 46 • Geothermal 81 12 44 • Wind 2.2 0.3 1.2 • Biological 17 2.4 9 • Wastes: Sewage gas, Landfill gas, Ag. & Wood wastes • Ag. Crops • Wood Most Renewables non-Biological • Fats & Oils

6. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Current Consumer Energy Distribution • Energy Consumption, 2005 • Energy Consumed PJ % • Total Energy 465 100 • Agriculture 20 4 • Industrial136 29 • Commercial4911 • Residential 62 13 • Transport 198 43 • Commercial Energy use is Minor

7. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Current Initiatives • Now trying to slow the Decline by Promoting: • Energy End Use Efficiency • Solar – mainly Passive, • Hydro – micro and mini, • Geothermal, • Biogas, • Wind Power, • Combined Solar and Wind Power • Biofuels. • The main initiatives are in Energy Efficiency & Biofuels

8. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings The New Zealand Profile • New Zealand has a Maritime Climate • Few Temperature Extremes, • Less Heating and Cooling Demand cf. other APEC Economies, • Little Economic Drive • Energy Efficiency savings are relatively small, • No Government Subsidies for Energy Efficiency. • Most EnergyConservation Activity in Residential Sector • Management of Off Peak Electricity for Water Heating, • Building Insulation • The Economic Drivers are not Strong

9. Energy Use in Commercial Buildings Key Points • Low Heating and Cooling Demand cf. other APEC Economies, • Energy Efficiency savings are relatively small, • No Government Subsidies for Energy Efficiency, • Most Energy Conservation Activity in Residential Sector, • Commercial Energy use quite small (11%), • N & RE use not directed to Commercial Energy Sector, • Quite high level of N & RE (29%) in the Energy Supply Mix, • Government Policy to increase N & RE Supply, • No significant initiatives for Commercial Buildings. • The Economic Drivers are not Strong