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Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures

Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures. Place. Purpose. Review English Categories Look at Other Place and Manner Possibilities - Examples in Other Languages  Look at Common Disordered Categories. Place. Need to Specify Passive articulator Active articulator. Most Non-English Sounds.

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Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures

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  1. Chapter 7: Consonantal Gestures

  2. Place

  3. Purpose • Review English Categories • Look at Other Place and Manner Possibilities - • Examples in Other Languages •  Look at Common Disordered Categories

  4. Place • Need to Specify • Passive articulator • Active articulator

  5. Most Non-English Sounds • Similar Places • Different Manner

  6. LABIAL Bilabials • English: • Oral & Nasal Stops, Glides • Other languages • Fricatives • Spanish: saber (to know) = /saβeɾ/ Linguo-labials - tongue + lip

  7. LABIAL Labiodental • English: Fricatives • Many languages have fricatives, affricates • German: Pfund (pound) = /pfunt/ • No phonemic Stops or Nasals • Acoustic similarity to bilabials • Many allophonic nasals • E.g., “symphony” /sɪɱfəni/ “emphasis” /ɛɱfəsɪs/

  8. CORONAL Interdental/Dental • English: Fricatives • Other Languages: • Stops • Nasals

  9. CORONAL Alveolar • English: • Stops, Nasals, Fricatives, Approximants • Other Languages: • Affricates • E.g., German, Zeit (time) /tsaɪt/ • Nonphonemic in English • E.g., eats /its/

  10. CORONAL Retroflex Retroflex - tongue tip pointed up, articulation with underside of tongue (not manner because place is both where and what with tongue) • English: • Liquids • Other Languages: • Stops, Nasals, Laterals, Fricatives • E.g., Quichua, ari (yes) /aɻi/

  11. CORONAL Part of Tongue Used • Apical - Tongue Tip • Laminal - Tongue Blade • Dorsal - Back of Tongue

  12. CORONAL Alveolar and Palatal • English: • Fricatives Palato-alveolar - front of tongue domed, tongue tip near alveolar/post-alveolar region (not underside) Alveolo-palatals (like palatal + palato-alveolar) - further back than palato-alveolar, but still tongue tip under alveolar ridge (Chinese and Polish)

  13. Palatal English: Fricatives, Liquids, Glides Other Languages Stops, Fricatives, Nasal Laminal vs. Dorsal Phonemic vs. Allophonic Uses CORONAL

  14. DORSAL Velar • English • Stops, Nasals • Fricatives • Spanish • German

  15. DORSAL Uvular • Back of tongue to uvula • Not in American English • Fricatives • French • Trill • German /R/ • Nasals • Iniktitut /N/ • Stop • Iniktitut /q, G/

  16. DORSAL Epiglottis • Epiglottis to back wall of pharynx • Rare • Fricatives • Phonemic contrast between pharyngeal & epiglottal place extremely rare. • Acoustic similarity See Agul

  17. DORSAL Pharyngeal • Root of tongue to back wall of pharynx • Fricatives

  18. Manner

  19. Stops • Summary Table 7.5, p. 168. • Know how each is produced

  20. Nasals • In many languages • Primarily Voiced, some voiceless.

  21. Fricatives • Largest variety • Classification • Tongue grooved or flat • not bilabial • Sibilants and Non-sibilants • Auditory distinction • Sibilants have greater acoustic energy • Different means of obstruction

  22. Nasals, stops and fricatives (Nasals are all voiced despite the uvular nasal being on the left)

  23. Trill • Tip of tongue set in motion by air • Uvular, Alveolar, Bilabial

  24. Tap/Flap • Tap • Tongue tuip hitting roof of mouth • Spanish single “r” – pero (but) /peɾo/ • Flap • One articulator being thrown against another. • Technically flaps retroflex and post-alveolar • Often grouped, terminology used interchangeably. • E.g., “betty” (tap) vs. “hardup” (flap)

  25. Affricates • Phonemic – Duration • Types • Alveopalatal • Alveolar • Labial • Ejectives Possible

  26. Lateral vs. Central / Approximants (liquids & glides) • Lateral • Air passes out sides • Central • Air passes out center • Alveolar vs. Velar

  27. Place & Manner Differences in Disordered Speech

  28. Lateralization • Primarily • Stops • Fricatives

  29. Speech with a Cleft Palate • Cleft in hard/soft palate • Tissue, Bony Structure, Muscle • Inadequate closure/obstruction of air • Structurally unable to produce certain sounds • Attempt to keep same manner with different place • May result in • Nasal Fricatives • Glottal Stops • Pharyngeal Fricatives

  30. What you know about consonants: • Airstream Mechanism • Airstream Direction • Glottis State • Part of Tongue Involved (NA on some) • Primary Place of Articulation • Manner of Articulation • Centrality • Nasality

  31. Airstream Mechanism • Pulmonic • Glottalic • Velaric

  32. Airstream Direction • Egressive • Ingressive

  33. Glottis State • Voiced • Voiceless • Murmured • Laryngealized • Closed

  34. Part of Tongue Involved • Apical • Laminal • Neither

  35. Primary Place of Articulation • Bilabial • Labiodental • Dental • Alveolar • Retroflex • Alveopalatal • Palato-alveolar • Palatal • Velar • Uvular • Pharyngeal • (Labial-Velar)

  36. Manner of Articulation • Stop • Fricative • Approximant • Trill • Flap • Tap • Affricate

  37. Centrality • Central • Lateral

  38. Nasality • Oral • Nasal

  39. Practice – match the transcription with the sound

  40. Practice – match the transcription with the sound

  41. Difficult Fricative Practice

  42. Difficult Fricative Practice

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