How to present for Journal Club

1. How to present for Journal Club • Organizing your talk • Preparing slides • Practice • After your talk

2. Acknowledgements Quircia, Jacopo della, (1374-1438), painter Quirino, Elpidio, (fl. 1950s), Filipino politician Quirke, Pauline, British actress Quisling, Vidkun, (1887-1945), Norwegian politician Quivers, Robin, (born 1952), talk show host

3. Organizing your talk • General principles: • No more than 1 slide per minute •  20% of time on introduction •  50% of time on data • Save time for summary / acknowledgments • Focus on  3 main points

4. Organizing your talk • Consider your audience: • peers? • novices? • people you should acknowledge? • Slide transitions • Give intermediate summary points

5. Do your homework!

6. Show data early and often: people are there to hear your results! Organizing your talk • Timing: not too many slides! • Practice with colleagues, get advice

7. Presenting a manuscript • Define the question being asked by the authors • Indicate its importance • Provide background • Evaluate the data: • original • study design optimal / adequate • material and methods clear • credible (controls?) • clearly presented • 5) Do the results justify the authors conclusions? • 6) Summarize the new insights arising from the data • 7) What is the next best question?

8. Your presentation: • 2-3 slides of background information

9. Primate T-Lymphotropic Viruses PTLV HTLV STLV Human T-Lymphotropic Viruses Simian T-Lymphotropic Viruses T-Lymphotropic Viruses

10. HTLV Genetics • Four Structural and Enzymatic Gene Regions • The gag Region • Gag polypeptides, matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid • The pol Region • Polymerase and reverse transcriptase • The env Region • Envelope glycoproteins • The X Region • taxgene (transcriptional activation of long terminal repeat (LTR) • rexgene (expression of structural and enzymatic proteins)

11. Your presentation: • 2-3 slides of background information • Hypothesis / question

12. Hypothesis The authors wished to determine whether previously undescribed HTLVs were present in persons exposed to the blood and body fluids of wild primate populations that were infected with STLV-1 and STLV-3.

13. Your presentation: • 2-3 slides of background information • Hypothesis / question • What is to be gained by testing this hypothesis? • ~1 slide each for key figures • Title should indicate the conclusions from the data • Describe the methods briefly • Critique the data • Summarize results

14. Fig. 2. HTLV WB serologic pattern of infected African hunters Wolfe, Nathan D. et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 7994-7999

15. Your presentation: • 2-3 slides of background information • Hypothesis / question • What is to be gained by testing this hypothesis? • ~1 slide each for key figures • Title should indicate the conclusions from the data • Describe the methods briefly • Critique the data • Summarize results • 5) Summarize the conclusions • 6) Evaluate / put it into the “big picture” • (defined in your background summary)

16. Your job as a presenter: • Engage your audience! • Ask questions (know the answers) Data justify conclusions? Better way to answer the question? Does data support/refute hypothesis? Health implications? What new ?’s does this raise? Implications for other fields?

17. Preparing Slides Simple, uniform backgrounds, fonts, & color schemes

18. Text Title:36-44 font; uniform color and size on all slides Fonts: Arial Helvetica (Comic Sans) Courier – for alignment Labeling figures:10% 10% 10%10%10% 36 24 20 16 12 font size THE BIGGER THE BETTER!

19. Colors Safest combinations: Black on white White/pale yellow on black Yellow on blue For emphasis: Royal blue,green,red on white pale pastels on blackor dark blue

20. Good Slide background: dark blue – + -XPA -RPA -XPG 1.5 µl 1.5 µl -XPC-HR23B - ERCC1-XPF TFIIH fr. IV Recons. IP’d TFIIH (150 mM KCl)

21. Bad Slide background: curtain – + -XPA -RPA -XPG 1.5 µl 1.5 µl -XPC-HR23B - ERCC1-XPF TFIIH fr. IV Recons. IP’d TFIIH (150 mM KCl)

22. Bad Slide background: spurious frame -XPA -RPA -XPG 1.5 µl – + -XPC-HR23B - ERCC1-XPF 1.5 µl TFIIH fr. IV Recons. IP’d TFIIH (150 mM KCl)

23. Good Slide background- Black – + -XPA -RPA -XPG 1.5 µl 1.5 µl -XPC-HR23B - ERCC1-XPF TFIIH fr. IV Recons. IP’d TFIIH (150 mM KCl)

24. Good slide background - White – + -XPA -RPA -XPG 1.5 µl 1.5 µl -XPC-HR23B - ERCC1-XPF TFIIH fr. IV Recons. IP’d TFIIH (150 mM KCl)

25. Bad Slide background: gradient – + -XPA -RPA -XPG 1.5 µl 1.5 µl -XPC-HR23B - ERCC1-XPF TFIIH fr. IV Recons. IP’d TFIIH (150 mM KCl)

26. Preparing slides Spelll check!

27. Preparing slides Make slides especially for the talk Figures made for a paper are never appropriate for a talk

28. XPG cleavesjunctions(too much information)

29. C + T A + G XPG + - - XPG cleaves junctions 90 60 30 90 60

30. Preparing slides Every slide should have a title -if it is a data slide make the title the conclusion

31. Energy conservation in Pittsburgh

32. NO REASON TO WRITE IN CAPITALS WRITING IN CAPITALS IS HARD TO READ AND IS VISUAL SHOUTING. THIS MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANT POINTS (THIS GOES FOR MEMOS AND ANNOUNCMENTS, TOO).

33. No reason to write in capitals Writing like this is easier to read and comprehend. This makes it simpler to understand the important points.

34. Preparing slides Vary with text, data, drawings, photos

35. Origin of the word “nerd” • "And then, just to show them, I'll sail to Ka-Troo And • Bring • Back • an It-Kutch • a Preep • and a Proo • a Nerkle • a Nerd • and a Seersucker, too!" 1950 Dr. Seuss’s “If I ran the zoo”

36. Site Selection & Survey • 11 rural villages in southern Cameroon proximal to forested and non-forested Non-Human Primate (NHP) habitats • Study participants completed a survey to determine behaviors that exposed participants to NHPs.

37. Preparing slides Use animation, carefully

38. HTLV antibodies bind to p21 envelope (Env) antigen-labeled surface ELISA Immunoassay

39. ELISA Immunoassay Plate is washed to remove excess antibodies. Only the antibody-antigen complex remains attached.

40. A fluorescent or chromogenic substrate is attached to the antibody-antigen complex. ELISA Immunoassay

41. ELISA Immunoassay Plate is washed to remove excess fluorescent or chromogenic substrate.

42. ELISA Immunoassay Signal is detected. Intensity of signal is directly correlated with extent of antibody-antigen complexation.

43. Preparing slides: summary • Make slides especially for the talk • Simple backgrounds & colors • Title on each slide • Vary with text, data, other visuals • Spell check • Use animation, carefully

44. Practice, practice, practice!

45. After the talk

46. How to answer questions • Respect the intelligence of the questioner • All questions are interesting • Deflect bizarre questions • Strive to be brief and to the point • OK to say you don’t know • Accept valid criticism gracefully

47. Criticisms can arise from efforts to evaluate the importance of the new and unfamiliar

48. Slonimsky cover

49. This extremely difficult, strange, wild, ultramodern Russian Concerto is the composition of Peter Tchaikovsky, a young professor … could we ever learn to love such music? Dwight’s Journal of Music, Boston, Nov. 13, 1875 sample critique 1