Microfiltration / Reverse Osmosis The 1-2 Punch for Water Treatment

1. Microfiltration / Reverse OsmosisThe 1-2 Punch for Water Treatment Presented by: Don Burgess DWG Process Supply Ltd.

2. Giardia Cyst Cryptosporidium Oocyst Material Sizes R A N G E S O F F I L T R A T I O N P R O C E S S E S CLOTH & DEPTH FILTERS MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANE TYPE ULTRAFILTRATION SCREENS & STRAINERS NANO- FILTRATION REVERSE OSMOSIS LATEX EMULSIONS RED BLOOD CELLS METAL IONS HUMAN HAIR OIL EMULSIONS RELATIVE SIZE OF COMMON MATERIALS VOC’S, PCD, SUSP. OIL VIRUS DISSOLVED ORGANICS PAINT PIGMENT CARBON BLACK AQUEOUS SALTS BACTERIA SAND ATOMIC RADII PROTEINS/ENZYMES PARTICLE SIZE 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1.0 10 102 103 (MICRONS) PARTICLE SIZE 110 100 1,000 10,000 100,000 106 107 (ANGSTROMS) APPROXIMATE 100 200 20,000 500,000 MOLECULAR WT. Source: GE Water

3. Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration Removes turbidity Provides barrier to Crypto/Giardia Backwashable “Surface Water” “Spaghetti removes Solids” Reverse Osmosis / Nanofiltration Removes dissolved compounds Typically can not backwash Fouled by turbidity “Ground Water” “Layered removes Liquids” Filtration Processes

4. Microfiltration

5. Large Siliceous Particle (20 µm) E-Coli (.45 µm) Giardia Cyst (5 - 11 µm) Cryptosporidium Oocyst (2 - 5 µm) [Anthrax Spore] Typical Bacterium (0.2 µm) How Small is Small? Pencil Dot (40 µm) Membrane Pore Sizes – 0.01 to 0.2 micron

6. Why Microfiltration? • Turbidity and Microbiology removal with no chemistry • Turbidity < 0.1 NTU • 0.02 to 0.04 NTU • Cryptosporidium > 99.9999% Removal • Giardia > 99.9999% Removal • TOC / Colour removal • Chemical precipitation • Coagulation with Alum / acid / PAC • Removal of precipitate with membrane

7. Pressure Membranes • MF Fiber = 0.1 micron • PVDF - Oxidant Resistant (Chlorine, Ozone & Chlorine Dioxide) • Outside – In • Rack Mounted Vertically Inlet Section Source: Pall Canada

8. Immersed Membranes • UF Fiber = 0.035 micron • Composite • Outside – In • Vacuum • Mounted in Below or Above Grade Tanks Source: www.zenonenv.com

9. Pressure System (35 MLD - Pall) Source: Pall Canada

10. Immersed Wastewater System (Zenon) Source: www.zenonenv.com

11. Modular System 1.3 to 2.0 MLD

12. MF Test Results

13. MF Membrane Technology Benefits • Exceeds Environmental Treatment Standards • Consistent treatment quality • Modular, Compact and Cost Saving System Configurations • Some Membranes Warranted for 10 Years • Automatic Integrity Testing • On-Line Technical Support and System Diagnosis

14. Reverse Osmosis / Nanofiltration

15. RO / Nano filtration • Removes dissolved compounds • Non-backwashable • Max 0.5 to 1 NTU • Max SDI = 3.0 “Ground Water” “Layered removes Liquids”

16. Applications Ground water treatment • TDS • Hardness • Metals such as arsenic GWUI Surface water • Organics

17. Pre-Treatment for Nano/RO Pre-Filtration for Solids Removal Raw Water Nano / RO SDI < 3 Permeate Microfiltration Concentrate Pre-Oxidation for Iron/Mg Removal Raw Water Nano / RO Pre-oxidation Filtration Permeate Concentrate

18. Reverse Osmosis Low energy membranes provide high efficiency removal Removes 97 to 99% of all dissolved compounds Blend w/ raw water to meet guidelines and restabilize treated water Nanofiltration Removes 60 to 80% of dissolved compounds Use for GWUI as treat entire flow stream “Softening” filter Specially formulated membrane to resist organic (TOC) fouling RO or Nano

19. Pros Ease of operation Superior water quality Reduced footprint Membrane elements are standardized Modular units Cons Higher energy costs High waste volumes – 60 to 80% recovery Pros and Cons

20. Full Scale Systems

21. Is It Worth It? • RO/Nano provides specific function • Often replaces 2 or 3 other processes • Sometimes the only process that will work • It is worth looking after your system

22. Process Applications

23. Microfiltration / Ultrafiltration “Surface Water” Turbidity and particle removal Crypto/Giardia barrier Backwashable “Spaghetti removes Solids” RO / Nano “Ground Water” Dissolved compound reduction Do not even think of backwashing “Layered removes Liquids” Remember

24. Surface Water Turbidity Crypto/Giardia Iron/Mang/Arsenic Organics Hardness Ground Water TDS Hardness Iron/Mang/Arsenic Organics Turbidity Contaminants

25. Treatment Options

26. System Assessment • Look at compounds that are process dependant, and then add other processes as required for remaining compounds

27. Surface Water

28. Ground Water

29. Turbidity Crypto/Giardia Iron/Mang/Arsenic Organics Hardness TDS < 0.1 NTU Avg 1 to 4 particle counts Below guideline limits < 2 mg/L < 100 < 500 Treatment Quality

30. 1. MF Feed to NF for Organics Process Flow • River water • Upflow clarifier • Microfiltration • Nanofiltration for organics reduction

31. Results - MF to NF for Organics

32. 2. MF-NF for Organics Redn • River water source • Sedimentation clarifier • Microfiltration • Transfer tank • NF for organics reduction

33. Results – MF-NF for Org Redn

34. 3. MF-NF for Turb, Organics, Hardness Process Flow • River water • Raw water pond • Microfiltration for turbidity reduction and crypto / giardia barrier • Nanofiltration for organics / hardness reduction

35. Results - MF to NF

36. Summary • The 1-2 Punch of MF / RO’s, can treat most common contaminants in water. • Reduced number of processes, generally results in smaller footprint. • Effluent quality from membrane treatment is consistent.

37. Questions